MADORI

MADORI jirmi osmoni, masiri jirmi osmoni dar fazoi Kayhon. Shakli Madorii jirmi osmoni va surati harakati on bo quvvai joziba, nichunin bo quvvai fitori rushnoi, qullahoi elektromagniti, muqovimati muhit, ki dar on harakat ba amal meoyad, quvvahoi maddu jazr, quvvahoi reaktivi (dar mavridi harakati yadroi kometaho) va g. muayyan meshavand. Baroi harakati sayyoraho, kometaho va radifhoi sayyoraho, inchunin harakati Oftobu sitoraho dar Galaktika quvvai jozibai jahoni roli halkunanda mebozad. Dar qitahoi faoli madori obekthoi masnui kayhoni dar barobari quvvahoi joziba quvvai reaktivii muharriki apparati parish ahamiyati halkunanda dorad. Tamoyuli mador dar fazo, andoza va shakli on, inchunin mavqei jirmi osmoni dar mador bo buzurgi (parametrhoe) muayyan karda meshavad, ki elementhoi mador nom dorand. Elementhoi madori sayyora, kometa va radifhoi masvuro az rui mushohidahoi astronomi dar se zina muayyan mekunand: 1) elementhoi ba nom madori muqaddamoti biduni oshubi jirmhoi osmoni hisob karda meshavand, yane masalai dujirm hal khohad shud.

Ba in maqsad aksar az natijahoi se mushohidai jirmi osmoni (koordinatahoi se nuqtai sferai osmoni), ki dar muddati chand ruz yo chand hafta ba dast omadaast, istifoda mebarand; 2) qimathoi sahehi Madori muqaddamoti az rui natijahoi yak qator mushohidahoi bardavom muayyan karda meshavand; 3) qimati madori okhirin hisob karda meshavad, ki on bo natijahoi hamai mushohidaho muvofiq meoyad.

Dar zinai yakum mador chun burishi konusho (ellips, bazan parabola yo giperbola) muayyan karda meshavad, ki dar fokusash jirmi markazi voqe ast. In guna madorhoro madorhoi orom yo kepleri menomand, zero jirmhoi osmoni muvofiqi qonunhoi Kepler harakat mekunand. Shash elemente, ki madori oromi geliosentrii jirmi osmonii R-ro (rasm) muayyan mekunand, inhoyand:

1) Tamoyuli mador nisbat ba hamvorii ekliptika <(0 < i < 180°).

2) Tuli girehi mador Ya (0 < < (| < 360°) — tuli geliosentrii nuqtaest, ki dar on sayyora hangomi az Nimkurai shimoli ba Nimkurai janubi guzashtanash ekliptikaro meburad (girehi farozi mador). 3) Nimtiri kaloni mador a. Bazan ba ivazi a chun elementi mador qimati miyonai harakati shaboruzii jirm (kamone, ki jirm dar yak shaboruz az rui mador meguzarad) qabul karda meshavad. 4) Ekssentrienteti mador e. Agar  nimtiri khurdi mador boshad, e = = Ua2—62/a ast. Bazan ba joi ekssentrisitet kunji on f-ro qabul mekunand, ki bo e chunin vobastata dorad: sin q> = e. 5) Masofai perigeliy az gireh (yo az argumenti perigeliy) <o — kunji bayni girehi farozi mador va samt ba perigelii mador. 6) 3amon, yane sanae, ki sayyora dar nuqtai muayyani mador joygir ast (mas., lahzai t, ki sayyora az perigeliy meguzarad). Mavqei sayyora dar mador bo argumenti arzi (0 < i < 360° dar samti harakati sayyora) yo anomaliyai haqiqy i (masofai kunjii sayyora az perigeliy) muayyan karda meshavad. Madorhoi kometaho, Moh, radifhoi sayyoraho va g. niz bo chunin elementho muayyan karda meshavand.

Usulhoi klassikii mekhanikai osmoni baroi hisob kardani madori radifhoi masnui Zamin niz bo muvaffaqiyat istifoda meshavand.

Ad.: Eskobal P. R., Metodi opredeleniya orbit, per. sangl., M., 1970.