QARI ChAShM, sathi dokhilii (asabhoi bosira, shabakiya, mashimiya), guzai chashmro guyand, ki hangomi oftalmoskopiya dida meshavad. Hangomi baze bemorihoi sistemai asabi markazi, dilu pag, bemorihoi siroyati va nomurattabi mubodilai moddaho dar Q- i. mumkin ast digargunie paydo shavad, ki az rui on oid ba khususiyat va rafti bemori malumot megirand. Nig. niz Chashm.