KhUTALON

KhUTALON, Khatlon, Khatalon, nomi tarikhii vodii Kulob. «Khutalon» bori avval dar sarchashmahoi khitoii asrhoi 5—6 m. yodovar shudaast. Muqaddasi Khatlonro mamlakati Hayotoliyon donistaast. Xatlon dar asrho 7— 11 yake az viloyathoi kalontarini Movarounnahr bud.

Bino ba malumoti geografhoi asrhoi 10—12 mavzehoi Munk, Bik, Tamliot, Pargar, Andicharog, Hulbuk, Kovbanj, Barsarig, Sikandara va Jazon ba Xatlon mutaalliq budand. Vakhsh (bo shahrhoi Livkandu Khalovard) va rustoi Qubodiyon niz ba Xatlon dokhil budaand.

Xatlon tarikhi kuhan dorad. Olathoi sangin az nohiyai Khovaling yoftashuda guvohi medihand, ki odamon qarib 800 haz. sol muqaddam dar in sarzamin maskun budaand. Dar asri birinji dar bisyor nohiyahoi Xatlon dehaho ba vujud omadaand.

Dar ahdi qadim (a. 6 to m.) Xatlon dar hayati Bokhtar va davlati Hakhomanishiyon bud. Dar a. 4 to m. duchori hujumi Iskandari Maqduni shud.

Xatlon dar tasarrufi Podshohii Yunonii Bokhtar (asrhoi 3—2 to m.), davlati Khaytoliyon (asrhoi 5—6) bud. Xatlon yak muddat ba davlati Sosoniyon niz itoat mekardaast. Dar vaqti hujumi arabho hlao ba Xatlon hujum kard, vale onro girifta natavonista sulh bast. Dar ahdi Shohbol Xatlon mustaqiliyati khudro nigoh dosht. Badi u ba takhti Xatlon Soyji nishast. Volii Khuroson Asad ibni Abdulloh s. 725 ba Xatlon lashkar kashis. Dar muhoriba khutaloniyon golib omadand va Asad talafoti kalon doda ba Balkh raft. Tabari khabar medihad, ki vaqti az jangi Xatlon sharmandavor shikast khurda ba Balkh bargashtani Asad ibni Abdulloh ahli Balkh dar haqqi u surudi tamaskhuromez ofaridaand, ki on bino ba malumoti baze sarchashmaho avvalin sheri tojiki ba shumor meravad:

«Aa Khutalon omadiya,

Ba ru taboh omadiya,

Obor boz omadiya,

Khushku nizor omadiya…»

Asad bori duyum s. 737 ba Xatlon hujum karda, onro ishgol namud.

Bino ba malumoti muarrikhi arabizabon Dinovari Xatlon yake az avvalin viloyathoest, ki ba harakati Abumuslim hamroh shudaast. Khutaloniyon shurishi Rofe ibni Laysro niz tarafdori kardaand. Dar in davra shohi Xatlon Hoshim ibni Banijuri Khutaloni bud. U dar ahdi khalifa Mutasim baroi pakhsh kardani isyoni Bobak sarlashkari arabho tain shudaast. Dar asrhoi 9—10 namoyandagoni in khonadon hokimi vilhoi Anderob, Bomiyon, Balkh va Tirmiz buda, ba nomi khud tangaho sikka zadaand. Dar ahdi Somoniyon Xatlon istiqloliyat ba dast ovard, vale dar ahdi Gaznaviyon onro boz az dast dod.

Dar Xatlon pakhtakori, gallakori, bogdori, tokdori va chorvodori ravnaq doshtaast. Xatlon az davrahoi qadim yake az viloyathoi obod hisob meyoft. Bozyofthoi arkheologi guvohi onand, ki dar Xatlon hunarmandi khele taraqqi karda budaast. Kuloloni khutaloni zarfhoi gunoguni ruzgor (khul, khurma, kuza, kosa va tabaq,) mesokhtaand. Dar asrhoi 9—12 dar shahrhoi Xatlon zarfhoi munaqqashu sirdor farovon istehsol meshudaand. Dar in davra khutaloniyon az shishahoi rangin niz zarfho mesokhtand. Dar Xatlon ustoho az sangi narm tabaq va lali metaroshidand. Az Xatlon rohi tijorati meguzasht va in ba inkishofi savdoi dokhiliyu khoriji musoidat mekard. Dar bozorhoi khoriji talabot ba asphoi khushzoti Xatlon kalon bud. Az istehsoli namaki Magaton (Khoja Mumini hozira) va doruvor niz Xatlon daromadi kalon megirift. Dar tijorati khorijiyu dokhili pulhoi tillo, nuqra va mis istifoda meshudand.

Shahrhoi Xatlon az kudandiz. shahriston va rabotu qabriston iborat budand. Markazi Khatlon dar asrhoi miyona sh. Hulbuk budaast. On binohoi bohashamati az khishti pukhta sokhtashuda va kuchahoi sangfarsh doshtaast, ki on ho az darajai balandi sanati memori guvohi medihand. Bozyofthoi gajii rangin bo rasmi hayvonotu parrandaho az qasrhoi Hulbuk va Sayyod paydo shudaand.

Dar munosibathoi oilavii aholii Xatlon unsurhoi poliandriya joy doshtand. Dini mardumi Xatlon dar qadim zardushti buda, badtar ba buddoiya, monaviya va dini nasroni mayl kardaand. Dar asrhoi 8—9 dar Xatlon dini islom jori gardid. Asrhoi 13—14 Xatlon dar hayati davlathoi Chagatoiyon va Temuriyon bud. Avv. a. 16 Khatlonro Shaybonikhon istilo namud. Az a. 17 dar manbahoi khatti Khatlonro Kulob nom burdaand. Mas., dar «Ubaydullohnoma» ba joi Xatlon  Kulob istifoda shudaast.

Ad.: Gafurov B. G., Tojikon. Tarikhi qadimtarin, qadim va asri miyona, J. 1, D.. 1983; Beleniskiy A. M.. istoriko-geograficheskiy ocherk Khuttalya s drevneyshikh vremyon do X v. n. e.. MIA №15  L—M., 1950; Bartold

1985. V., Khuttal, Soch., t. 3, M.. 1985.

Yu. YOqubov.