KhUShAIHO

KhUShAIHO, khushadorho (iganian yo Roaseae), yak oilai rastanihoi yakpallaro guyand. Xushaiho giyohhoi yaksola, dusola yo bisyorsola va baze rastanihoi buttavu darakhtmonandro dar bar megirand. Poyaashon az 1 sm to dahho m qad mekashand; poyai baze Xushaiho chub megardad (mas., khayzuron balandiash to 40 m va diametrash 30 sm). Xushaiho az rui tashakkuli poya se nav meshavand.

Khushaihoi reshapoyaashon daroz —durtar az poyai asosi az bandhoi reshapoyahoi daroz, ki na on qadar chuqurtar az sathi zamin joygirand, poyahoi nav meruyand. In navi Xushaiho (mas., jorubi, nay, dumi rubohak, jorubak, ajiriq, gandumajiriq va g.) dar khokhoi narm meruyand. Khushaihoi chimdor (serpoya) — az pahlui poyai asosi az bandi poyahoe, ki dar zeri khok b ba sathi zamin nazdik joygirand, poyahoi nav mesabzand. Dar onho muttasil bandhoi nav tashakul meyoband va shokha meronand. Dar natija «butta» yo «chim» hosil mekunand. Ba in navi Xushaiho kovil, chimak va g. mansuband. Khushaihoi tunukpoya (kampoya) — az bandhoi shokharonanda, ki dar qabati boloi (to 5 sm)-i khok joygirand, poyahoi nav qad mekashand va buttamonand meshavand. Ba in navi Xushaiho suligiyoh, arzanak, kharduma va g. mansuband.

Xushaiho yake az oilahoi kalontarini pushidatukhmkho meboshand. Onho qarib 700 jins (to 10 haz. namud)-i rastanihoro dar bar megirand Dar SSSR taq. 150 jins va 1000 namud, dar Tojikiston 90 jins va besh az 300 namudi Xushaiho (dar margzor, dasht, biyobon, mintaqahoi alpi va g.) meruyand

Xushaiho, ki muhimtarin ziroati galladona (gandum, sholi, juvorimakka, suli, javdor, jav, arzan, juvori va g.) va nayshakar ba onho mansuband, dar hayoti inson ahamiyati buzurg dorand. Khushaihoi khudruy va kishta rastanihoi khuroki chorvo meboshand. Onho hamchun rastanihoi tekhniki dar istehsoli qand, ohar, spirt, qogaz, ravganhoi khurokiyu khushbuy, masolehi binokori (gulbahoi obguzar, takhta), mebel, zarf va g. ahamiyati kalon dorand. Khushaihoro dar sanoathoi bofandagi va khimiya, istehsoli ravgani efir, inchunin ba sifati rastanihoi oroishiyu dorui istifoda mebarand. Bisyor Xushaiho (devgandum, ajiriq, jorubak, khaskahak va g.)-ro baroi mustahkam namudani khokhoi narm va reghoi, inchunin baroi ba sabzamaydon tabdil dodani aerodromho ba kor mebarand. Baze Xushaiho (suligiyoh, ajiriq, gumoy va g.) alafhoi begonai kishtzorand.

Ad.: Serebryakova T. I., Morfogenez pobegov i evolyusiya jiznennikh form zlakov, M., 1971. S. Yunusov.