KhURFA

KhURFA, khulfa, chavligushtak, chavlongushtak, vashfang, sinjob, khafraj, par­nahn, farfakh, farfina, baq­lai Zuhro, baq­lai Tohir (Rortulaca aleracea), giyo­hi yaksolaest az oilai khulfaiho. 10—35 sm qad mekashad. Bargash bayzashakl yo belchashakl (daroziash 0,8—3 sm, barash 0,5—1 sm), sergusht, serob. Gulash mayda, zard; okhiri mohi may ba shukuftan cap me­kunad va az iyun to okhirhoi tiramoh tukhm mebandad. Guzaash mudavvar yo bayzashakl, tukhmash gurdashakli dorchini.

Khurfai khudruy dar SSSR (Zakavkaziya, Qismi evropoi, Sharqi Dur va Osiyoi Miyona) farovon ast. Dar Tojikiston Xurfa chun alafi begona dar pakhtazor, poliz, alafzor, bog va gayra mesabzad. Dar joyhoi regzori sohili daryo, nazdiki istiqomatgohho va zamini partov niz nimu mekunad.

Xurfa chun giyohi gizoi az qadim malum ast. Makhsusan Xurfa sabzavoti pisandidai kavkaziho hisob meyobad. Onro chun khurish, biryon karda, ochoronida va ba taom andokhta, farovon istemol mekunand. Khususiyathoi shifobakhshi Xurfa ba Buqrot (Gippok­rat), Pliniy, Jolinus (Galen), Aburayhoni Beruni va Abualii Sino malum budand. Dar tibbi Sharq makhsusan tukhmi Xurfa chun dorui surfa (sulfa) mashhur ast. Shoiri asri 10 Tayyoni Marvazi guftaast:

Kasero, k-u tu bini dardi surfa,

Bifarmoyash tu obi dugu khurfa.

Bo gufti Jolinus tukhmi Xurfa khususiyati isholovari niz dorad. Sino afshurai Khurfaro dorui sertasir hisobidaast. Onro baroi tabobati iltihobi meda, zafi jigar va ba­roi rafi khunpartoi tavsiya medod. Xurfa baroi zakhmi peshobdon va zafi gurda niz mufid ast. Khunraviro boz medorad. Bargu poyai biryon shudai Xurfa isholro mebandad.

Xurfa dar tibbi khalqi niz khele mamul ast. Bargu poyai navrasi onro ba khuroki bemorone, ki ba rafi peshobdon, gurda va jigar giriftorand, ilova mekunand. Ammo ba shakhsone, ki giriftori galayoni khun (gipertoniya) hastand, farovon istemol kardani Xurfa zarar dorad. Tajribai dorushinoson nishon dod, ki naqe va jushobi bargu poyai Xurfa raghoi khungardro tang namuda, khunro ba galayon meorand. Tabibon ba shakhsoni giriftori diabet ham Khurfaro tavsiya medihand. Sanjish nishon dod, ki naqei Xurfa qandi tarkibi khunro kam mekunad, az in ru, istifodai bargu poyai on dar davrai ogozi diabet mufid ast. Khurfaro dorui kijjaron mehisoband. Bo on dardi chashmro niz tabobat mekunand. Marhamashro ba joi gazidai kajdum va zanbur mebandand. Ozarboyjoniho bo bargu poyai Xurfa kasalihoi gadudi siparshaklro tabobat menamoyand.

Dar tibbi hozira jushobi tukhmi Khurfaro hangomi ishol va jushobi bar­gu poyaashro chun dorui ziddiiltihobi va shosharon istifoda mebarand. Xurfa baroi tabobati zangila (singa) niz khub ast.

Xurfa giyohi servitamin ast. Bargu  poyaash 180—300 mg% vitamini S,  11,6% vitamini E, 0.29 mg/g karotin (provitamini A), 33% moddahoi nit­rogendor (asosan safeda), 6% rav­gan, kislotahoi organiki, glikozidho, namakhoi minerali va gayra dorad.

Ad.: Flora Tadjikskoy SSR. t. 3, L.. 1968; Sklyarevskiy L. Ya.. Se­lebnie svoystva pishevikh rasteniy. M., 1972.                   M. Hojimatov.