«KhURD-AVESTO»

 «KhURD-AVESTO», majmuai porchahoi barguzida az Avesto, matnhoi duo va niyoishho, ki payravoni zardushtiya onhoro dar adoi namoz, ijroi qonunu qoidahoi dini, hangomi tuyu sugvori va g. mekhondand. Murattibu mualifi on Ozarbadi Mahraspandon meboshad. Dastnavishoi ziyode az «Khurd-Avesto» barobari dastnavishoi Avesto to zamoni mo rasidaand. Aksari qismhoi in asar bo qismathoi digari Avesto yakjoya omadaast, baroi hamin onro chun juzi panjumi Avesto donistaand. Nomguy va sharhu tafsiri qismhoi «Khurd-Avesto» bad in qapop ast: 1) Sarsukhan; 2) Duohoi muqaddasi zardushtiya — Ashem vohu… va Yata ahuna vairya. In duohoro zardushtiyon dar holatu hangom, pesh aa ogozi korashon mekhondand. Avesto bo hamin duoho shuru meshavad; 3) «Nirang (qoidai kusti  bastan» — porchaest, ki dar on qonunu qoidahoi bastani miyonbandi muqaddasi zardushtiya — kusti sharh yoftaast. Ii miyonbandro pisaroni zardushtiyon hangomi ba sinni balogat (15-solagi) rasidan mebastand; 4) «Surush va yo Nirang (qoida)-i dastshui»; 5) «Khushbom» — yak porcha matn dar vasfi bomdod; 6) «Niyoishho» — «Khurshed-niyoish», «Mehr-niyoish», «Moh-niyoish», «Ardvisura-niyoish», «Otashi Bahrom-niyoish». Dar niyoishho porchaho az «Khurshed-yasht», «Mehr-yasht», «Moh-yasht», «Obon-yasht», «Bahrom-yasht» ovarda shudaand; 7) «Gohon» — pand surud dar tavsifi goh (vaqt)-i shabonaruz. Dar jamoai zardushtiyoni Eroni Qadim shabonaruzro ba panj  hangom pakhsh mekardand. 1.Khovangoh-az sar zadani khurshed to  nimruz; 2.Rapitvingoh-az nimruz to asr; 3.Ozayarnigoh-az asr to nishastani khurshed; 4.Anvirsutragoh-az shom to nimishab; 5. Ushhingoh — az nimi shab to barkhostani khurshed. Nomi har yan hangomi shabonaruz inchunin ezid (fa rishta) -i nigahboni hamon hangom bud va dar surudhoi «Gohon» u si­toi shshudaast (mas., Hovon — fa ishtai ezidi bomdod). 8) «Yashtho». Dar vuskhahoi «Khurd-Avesto» «Yashtho» niz jo doda shudaand. Miqdori «Yashtho» dar nuskhaho gunogun ast, vale dar hamai nuskhahoi on du «Yasht»—«Hurmuzd-yasht» va «Surush-yasht” mavjudand. Karl Galdner — murattibi matni intiqodii Avesto tamomi 21 «Yasht»-ro ba «Khurd-Avesto» dokh il karda ast. 9) «Siruza» — qitaho dar sitoishi si ruzi moh.  Dar solshumorii zardushti dar yak ruzi moh va inchunin duvozdah mohi sol ba nomi Amshospandon (yoroni qudsivu yovari Ahuramazdo) va ezidoni zardushtiya ba monandi Ahuramazdo, Bahrom, Surush, Rashn, Mehr va g. mavsum budand. Mas., ba munosibati farorasidani ruzi Mehr qitai ba Mehr bakhshidashudaro mekhondand. Tamomi «Siruza» dar ruzi siyumi vafoti yagon payravi zardushtiya khonda meshud. 10) «Ofaringon» — chahor porchai sitoishu niyoish, ki baroi ijroi marosimhoi dini va jashnhoi zardushtiyon istifoda meshudand: «Ofaringoni dahmon» — dar ogozi soli nav, ruzhoi chahorum, dahum va siyumi har moh, inchunin hangomi darguzashtani kase khonda meshud; «Ofaringoni Gotho»-ro dar panj ruzi okhiri sol, ki onro «Andargoh», «Bahizak» yo «Panjai duzdida» meguftand, mekhondand. Azbaski in panj ruz mavsum ba nomi «Gotho» bud, «Ofaringoni Gotho» nom giriftaast; «Ofaringoni Gohanbor» — dar hangomi shash jashni dini khonda meshud. Ba aqidai zardushtiyon Ahuramazdo olamro dar shash navbat dar muddati yak sol ofaridaast. Zamonhoi ofarinishro Gohanbor meguftdnd. Dar qadim ruzi farorasidani har yak Gohanborro jashn megiriftand. Jashni yakum ruzi chihilu panjumin, duyum — sadu panjohmin, seyum — sadu hashtodumin, chahorum — dusadu dahumin, panjum — dusadu navadumin va shashum — sesadu shastu panjumin ruzi sol fa­ro merasidand. Ahuramazdo guyo dar nakhustin Gohanbor osmon va sipas ob, zamin, giyoh, jonvaron va odamonro ofarida budaast; «Ofaringoni Rapitvingoh» sitoishest dar vasfi ezidi nigahboni fasli tobiston — Rapitvin (vazifai digari in ezid chunon ki dar «Gohovn» zikr shud, nigahbonii nimruz— yake az vaqthoi shabonaruz meboshad).

Chunon ki dida meshavad, qismi ziyodi «Xurd  Avesto» az duoho, sitoishho va niyoishhoi dilgirkunanda va az jihati mazmuni goyavi va mundarijai past iborat ast. Vale barobari in «Khurd-Avesto» az jihati dar bar giriftani baze rivoyathoi epiki va asotiri, malumoti etnografi, astronomi, tarikhi, inikosi tarzi zindagii niyogoni khalqi tojik, nomu tarzi guzaronidani jashnho, tarbiyai javononi jamoai zardushtiyon va g. ahamiyat dorad.