KhULAFOI ROShIDIN

KhULAFOI ROShIDIN (khalifahoi rostkor) (632—661), davrai hukmronii chor khalifa (Abubakr, Umar, Usmon, Haydar (Ali)-ro ki bo Muhammad kheshii avlodi yo oilavi doshtand, dar bar megirad. Badi margi Muhammad (s. 632) va ba sari khilofat omadani Abubakr bisyor az qabilahoi arab, ki islomro qabul karda budand, az u ruy gardondand. Dar natijai janghoi tuloni ba Abubakr muyassar gardid, ki hamai qabilahoi arabro dar nimjaz. Arabiston az nav ba tasarrufi khud darovarad. Badi margi Abubakr qabilahoi arabro Umar ba zabti Suriya, Falastin, Misr, Iroq va Eron ravona kard. Dar ahdi Umar devoni maoshi askarho, devoni maoshi shakhsoni davlati tasis yofta, solshumorii hijri (az ruzi hijrati Muhammad az Makka ba Madina — s. 622) jori karda shud. Badi kushta shudani Umar khilofat ba Usmon rasid.  Azbaski Usmon az mansabi khud suyistifoda mekard (giriftani mablaghoi kalon az khazinai khilofat baroi khud az kheshovandonsh, ba mansabhoi baland peshbari nashudani kheshu aqraboyash va g.), mardum oshub bardoshta, uro ba qatl rasonidand. Ali ba khilofat rasida, khost Suriyaro, ki dar on jo Muoviya hukmron bud, ba dast darorad, vale in ba u muyassar nagardid. Haydar ba Kufa kuchida, khost bo madadi arabhoi Iroq Muoviyaro shikast dihad, ammo u dar jang bartari paydo karda natavonist. Hasan (pisari Ali) badi margi padar kushish kard joi uro bigirad vale Muoviya uro ba vasilai pulu mol az in iqdom bozdosht. Dar ahdi Xulafoi roshidin arabho zabtkorihoi ziyode kardand.

G. Goib