KhALQIYaT

KhALQIYaT, umumiyati tarikhan tashakkulyoftai zaboni, territoriyavi, iqtisodi va madanii odamonro guyand, ki pesh az millat ba vujud meoyad. Tashakkuli khalqiyat az davrai muttahidshavii qabilaho ibtido megirad. On dar natijai omezishi qabilaho ba vuqu omada, aloqai kheshutaborii odamon ba robitai territoriyavi tabdil meyobad. Xalqiyat odatan az chand qabilai az jihati paydoish va zabon ba ham nazdik va yo az qabilahoi gunogunzabon dar natijai yak qabilaro tasarruf namudani qabilai digar ba vujud meoyad.

Dar jarayoni tashakkuli khalqiyat zaboni yake az juzhoi etniki (nisbatan sershumor e beshtar inkishofyofta) ba zaboni umumii khalqiyat tabdil meebad, zaboni kabilahoi digar boshad, dar shakli sheva yo lahja boqi memonad va bazan tamoman az bayn meravad; umumiyati territoriyavi, madani va khojagi bo yak nomi umumi tashakkul meyobad. Masalan, ba aqidai akad. B. Gafurov, prosesshoi etnikie, ki az davrahoi qadim dar Osiyoi Miyona surat megiriftand, boisi paydoishi sugdiyon, khorazmiyon, fargonagiho, takhoristoniho barin khalqiyathoi gunogun gardidand va har kadomashon sohibi madaniyati khud bud.
Paydoishi davlat ba mustahkamshavii khalqiyat musoidat namud. Vale dar jarayoni inkishofi Tarikhi khalqiyatho bazan metavonistand bo davlat az jihati territoriya va zabon muvofiqat nakunand. (Masalan, khalqiyathoi Osiyoi Miyona dar hayati Khilofati arab).
Dar natijai inkishofi munosibathoi kapitalisti va purzur shudani robitahoi iqtisodiyu farhangi khalqiyatho ba millatho tabdil meyoband. Dar SSSR baze khalqiyatho (tojikon, turkmanho, qirgizho va monandi inho) marhalai kapitalnstii inkishofro az sar naguzaronda, ba millat tabdil yoftaand. Mamulan baze khalqhoi kamshumore, ki dar yak territoriya zindagi mekunand (yak qismi khalqhoi Shimol, Dogistoi va gayra) ba khalqiyat mansub donista meshavand.
Barham khurdani sistemai mustamlikadorii impernalizm va istiqloliyati davlati ba dast ovardani bisyor mamlakathoi Osiyovu Afrika prosessi muttahidshavii etniki va surati khudshinosii milliro tezonid. Az guruhhoi etnikii territoriyavii qabilavi khalqiyat va millathoi nav tashakkul meyoband.
S. Jononov.