KhALQIYaTHOI BADAKhShON

KhALQIYaTHOI BADAKhShON, tojikoni Badakhshon (Pomir), khalqhoi eroninajodi Viloyati Avtonomii Badakhshoni (VLBK)-i RSS Tojikiston (vakhoniho, ishkoshimiho, shugnoniho, rushoniho, bajuyho, bartangiho, yazgulomiho, Badakhshoni RDA (asbagiho va sanglichiho), Rayoni Avtonomii Sinzyanu Uyguri RKhKh (sarikuliho)-ro guyand. Az jihati antropologi ba najodi pomiru fargonagi mansuband. Dindoroi musulmononi ismoilimazhaband. Dar oila ba zabonhoi pomiri gap mezanand. Zaboni adabi va guftuguii bayni khalqiyathoi Badakhshon az qadim tojiki bud va osori ilmiyu adabii ahli madaniyati onho ba in zabon navishta shudaast.

Dar ibtidoi asrhoi miyona dar sarzamini Pomir sakoiho maskun budand va minbad dar zaminai onho khalqiyathoi Badakhshoi tashakkul yoftand. Prosessi tashakkuli khalqiyathoi Badakhshon yakchand asr davom kard.
Xalqiyathoi Badakhshon dar khojagidori, madaniyati moddiyu manavi va munosibathoi ijtimoi umumiyati ziyode dorand. Onho chun tojikoni vodii kuhiston az qadim asosan ba dehqoniyu chorvodori mashgul budand. Dehqonon gandum, jav, javdor, nakhud, boqilo va gayra kisht mekardand. Dar chorvodori boshad, buz, gusfand, qutos va asp mavqei kalon dosht. Umuman khojagii khalqiyathoi Badakhshon to Revolyutsiyai Kabiri Sosialistii Oktyabr naturali buda, aholi ehtiyojotashro bo mahsuloti istehsolkardai khud tamin menamud. Dar bayni badakhshoniho baze navhoi hunarmandi — bofandagi, kharroti, jurobbofi, zargari, kosataroshi, ohangari va gayra rivoj yoftaand.
Madaniyatn moddii khalqiyathoi Badakhshon (istiqomatgoh, sarulibos, khurok) pesh qarib yak khel bud. Dehaho odatan dar vodii daryoho, domanakuhho va nishebiho bunyod meyoftand. Har deha az 10 to 50 khonavoda dosht. Manzilgohhon khalqiyathoi Badakhshon ba khonahoi tojikoni Darvoz khele monand budand.
Dar guzashta sarulibosro az matohoi dastboft medukhtand. Dar Yazgulom, Rushon, Shugnon bazan karbos (baroi kurta) meboftand. Libosi mardona asosan az kurtai pashmi yo karbosi, ezor (tambun) va chakmani pashmi iborat bud. Onho jurobu choruqi kutohi tagash narm (pekh) va kafshi chubi mepushidand.
Dar arafai Revolyutsiyai Kabiri Sosialistii Oktyabr dar bayni khalqiyathoi Badakhshon munosibathoi patriarkhaliyu avlodi vujud doshtand. Har yak avlod (dar yazgulomiho qavm, dar shugnoniho guru, dar vakhonikho tukh, dar ishkoshimiho kunda) bo kheshutabori (az tarafi padar) ba ham aloqa doshtand. Asosi oilahoi khalqiyathoi Badakhshonro oilai kalon tashkil medod, ki dar on roli asosiro mardho mebozidand. Zanho dar oila nisbatan ozod budand.
Madaniyati manavin khalqiyathoi Badakhshon niz jihathoi khosi khudro dosht. To Revolyutsiyai Oktyabr aksari aholi besavod bud. Dar chand maktabi dinie, ki dar Pomir vujud dosht, asosan farzandoni davlatmandon tahsil mskardand. Badi ba Rossiya hamroh shudani Pomir dar Khorug yak maktabi mahallii rusi kushoda shud. Ejodiyoti dahonii khalqiyathoi Badakhshon gani va gunogunmazmun bud. Onho afsona, zarbulmasalu maqol, surudu qissaho meofaridand. Surudhoi lalaik, duduvik, dargilik (namudhoi surudho) beshtar pahn gardida budand. Asbobhoi musiqii khalqiyathoi Badakhshon az rubob, panjtor, tanbur, gijak, nay, surnay, doira, tavlak va gayra iborat bud.
Badi barpo gardidani Hokimiyati Soveti dar sohahoi gunoguni hayoti khalqiyathoi Badakhshon tagyiroti kulli ba amal omad. Qismi ziyodi khalqiyathoi Badakhshon dar khojagihoi kollektivi muttahid gardidand. Dar solhoi Hokimiyati Soveti dar Pomir mutakhassisoni ziyodi malumoti olidor ba kamol rasidand va holo onho dar sohahoi gunoguni khojagii khalq va ilmu madaniyat kor mekunand. Dar SSSR khalqiyathoi Badakhshon tadrijan bo tojikon omezish yofta, millati yagonai sosialistiro tashkil medihand (hangomi baruikhatgirii aholi soli 1970 hamai sokinonn VABK khudro tojik nomidand). Badakhshonihoe, ki dar khorija maskunand, tarzi zindagii ananavii khudro mahfuz doshta, ba dehqoni, chorvodori, shikor va hunarmandi mashguland.
M. Rahimov.