GULMUSh

GULMUSh, hoyburgak (Ochoto-na), yak jinsi hayvoni shirkhuri zargushmonandro guyand. Daroziash to 2o sm, gushash kutoh, dumash kutohi zohiran noayon (60—80 mm). Poyhoi peshu qafoyash qarib yakkhelaand. Tobiston rangash az zardcha to qahvarangi surkhtob, zimiston zardchai khokistarist. Dar dunyo 12 namudi G. zindagi mekunad. Dar SSSR 7 namudi G. hast. G.—ho dar mahalhoi kushodi domanakuhu kuh (to balandihoi 6 haz. m az s. b.), qismai dashthoi hamvor va mintaqahoi sersangi shagalzor maskan megirand. Gala-gala zindagi mekunand. Tamomi ruz va shomgoh serharakatand. Ovozi G. chirrosi ast. G. hayvoni alafkhur buda, baroi zimiston to 20 kg alaf va shokhchahoi khushk zakhira mekunad. 5—6-to bacha mezoyad.

Dar Tojikiston du namudi G. vomekhurad: G.-i gushkalon (O. gou-lei) va G.-i surkh (O. rutila). Darozii tanai G.-i surkh to 23 sm buda, gushash nazar ba gushi F.-hoi dig. daroztar (to 31 mm) ast. Tobiston pustash buri zardchatob, zimiston khokistarrangi zardtob meshavad. G.-i gushkalon dar sharqi Pomir va qisman dar jan. sharqi Badakhshon (to balandii 4800 m az s. b.) guruh-guruh shuda, beshtar dar kovokihoi sanglokh va qisman dar margzorhoi balandkuh khona mesozand. Dar 1 ga sanglokhhoi Pomir to 20—25-to G.-i gushkalon vomekhurad. G. az nimai tobiston cap karda rastanihoro mekhushkonad va baroi zimiston dar zeri sangu tarqishhoi nazdi khonaash pinhon mekunad. Dar yak sol 2—3 marotiba (az apr. to iyul) afzoish mekunad va har bor 2—5-to bacha mezoyad.

G.-i surkh niz sokini khosi balandkuh buda, az bisyor jihatho ba G.-i gushkalon monand ast. Jisman ham bo on qarib yak khel, vale rangash digar khel ast. Pusti G.-i surkh tobiston zardi surkhtob, zimiston khokistarrang meshavad. Asosan dar q-kuhhoi Hisor, Zarafshon, Turkiston, inchunin Badakhshoni shim., garbi (2000—3500 m az s. b.) beshtar dar sanglokhho (dar 1 ga 20—30 cap), dar kovokihoi sang va kafidai shakhho zindagi mekunad. Az iyun to avg. baroi zimistonguzaroni khurok gun mekunad. To 5—8 kg rastani jam meorad. Dar yak sol 2—3 marotiba (az apr. to iyul) nasl medihad, har dafa 2—5-to bachai bino va pashmdor mezoyad. Hamlash 30—32 ruz davom mekunad. Bachahoyash dar bahori soli oyanda bolig meshavand. G.-po savsor, qoqum va dig. hayvonho doshta mekhurand.

Ad.: Abdusalomov I. A., Baeva V. G., Lindt I. I.. Olami hayvonoti Tojikiston, D., 1981; Jizn jivotnikh. Mlekopitayushie, ili zveri, t. 6, M., 1971; Fauna Tadjikskoy SSR, t. 20, ch. 1, S., 1974; Tadjikistan, priroda i prirodnie resursi, D., 1982.

G. S. Davidov.