FUZULI Muhammad Sulaymon

FUZULI Muhammad Sulaymon (1498, nohiyai Karbaloi Iroq— 1556), shoir va mutafakkiri Ozarboyjon. Asarhoyash ba zabonhoi turki (ozarboyjoni), forsi va arabi talif shudaand. Fuzuli dar nazdi padarash savod barovarda, tahsilro dar madrasai Bagdod davom dod. Chand sol dar madrasai Bagdod mudarris bud.
Fuzuli dar zabonhoi forsi, turki va arabi se devoni gazaliyot va qasoid dorad. Devoni forsii u 392 gazal, devoni turkiash 295 gazalro dar bar megirad. Fuzuli gazalhoyashro dar payravin Hofiz ejod kardaast. Dar gazaliyoti u olami manavii inson, tugyoni hissiyot tasvir yofta, odamoni johilu razil sakht mazammat shudaand. Gazaliyotash az tasiri tasavvuf kholi nest. Fuzuli shaklu mazmuni gazalro sodda karda, shevai navero pesh giriftaast, ki onro gazali fuzulivor guftaand. Dostoni «Layli va Majnun» (1536—37) az jumlai behtarin asarhoi Fuzuli meboshad.
U dar in doston, ki bo «Layly va Majnun»-i Jomi va Hotifi hambastagi dorad, ba ruzgori qahramononi khud tagyiroti jiddi darovardaast. Yak jihati jolibi diqqati dostoni Fuzuli dar on ast, ki shoir baroi boz ham behtar ifoda namudani hissiyoti qahramonon az vaznu syujeti asosii asar berun rafta, dar on bisyor gazalhoi khudro istifoda burdaast. In doston dar bayni khalqhoi turkizabon shuhrati ziyode doshtaast. Digar asarhoi Fuzuli «Matla-ul-etiqod» (risolai falsafi), «Suhbat-ul-asmor», «Bangu Boda», «Haft jom» (manzum),. «Sihatu maraz», «Rindu Zohid» (mansur), «Shikoyatnoma» va gayra meboshand. Fuzuli mukhlisi tarikh, zabon va adabiyoti fors-tojik buda, az tajribai ejodii namoyandagoni barjastai on bahraho bardoshtaast. Ba tabiri adabiyotshinosi eroni Begli, «Fuzuli mazmun, mani va surati dilkashi sheri forsiro baroi khalqhoi turkiguy dar shakli guvoroe merasond». Khudi Fuzuli ham dar sarsukhani «Devoni forsi» navishtaast; «Turki aslu nasabi man ast, arabi zaboni ilm meboshad va forsi ba komi dili man ast». Qasidai u «Anisul-qalb» dar asosi ananahoi qasidasaroii Khoqoni, Amir Khusrav va Abdurrahmoni Jomi ba zaboni forsi ejod shudaast. Fuzuli ba ejodiyoti Abdurrahmoni Jomi ham muhabbat doshtaast. U «Chihil hadis»-i Jomiro az tojiki ba ozarboyjoni gardonda, khud hadisi 41-ro zam kardaast, qi dar sitoishi Jomi meboshad. Tarjumai ozarboyjonii asari Voizi Koshifi «Ravzat-ush-shuhado» (bo nomi «Bakhtlilar bagi») niz ba qalami u taalluq dorad. Shoironi tojik (Iso-makhdum, Koshifi Khujandi, Komili Hisori, Ayni, Lohuti) gazalhoi Fuzuliro naziravu tazmin kardaand. Asarhoi Fuzuli ba zabonhoi rusi, arabi va forsi ba tab rasidaand. Dar Boku haykali u guzoshta shudaast.
Osor: Gulchini ashor, Stalinobod, 1960.
Ad.: B e r t e l s E. E., Nizami i Fizuli, Moskva, 1962. V. Samad.