FEL

FEL, yake az hissahoi nutq ast, ki amal va holatu vaziyatro hamchun amal mefahmoyaad. Fel doroi kategoriyai shakhs, shumora, tarz, zamon va siga, shaklhoi tasrifi va gayritasrifi (masdar, sifati feli, feli hol), du namud (mutlaq va davomdor) meboshad. Fel se zamon (hozira, guzashta, oyanda) dorad. Zamoni hozira doroi shaklhoi zerin ast; zamoni hozirai davomdor yo muayyan (dida istodaast); zamoni hozirai muayyani shartiyu khohishmandi (dida istoda boshad); zamoni hozirai muayyani ehtimoli (dida istodagist).

Zamoni guzashtai fel chunin shaklho dorad: zamoni guzashtai nazdik (omad); zamoni guzashtai hikoyagi (meomad); zamoni guzashtai dur (omada bud); guzashtai duri davomdor (khonda istoda bud); guzashtai naqli (didaast); guzashtai hikoyagii naqli (mekhondaast); guzashtai duri naqli (dida budaast); guzashtai duri davomdori (muayyani) naqli (gufta istoda budaast); guzashtai shartiyu khohishmandi (dida bashad), guzashtai ehtimoli (khondagist).

Zamoni oyandai fel chunin shaklhoro dorost: zamoni oyandai dur (khoham khond); shakli zamoni hozirayu oyanda (mekhonam); zamoni hozirayu oyandai ehtimoli (meyoftagistam).

Fel tarzhoi makhsusi kalimasozi dorad. Prefikshoi kalimasozi on bar, boz, vo, fur, far va gayra meboshand. Dar kalimasozii fel tarzi tarkibi sermahsul ast. Dar in mavrid az ismhoi gunogunmano; nomi amal, holat, jarayoni fikr, nutq, his, raftoru kirdor, ovozu sado, nomi asbob,jismhoi moe, uzvi badan, hodisahoi tabiat; sifathoi gunogunmano; shumorai yak; kalimahoi taqlidi ovoz; tarkibhoi peshoyandi ba vositai felhoi yoridihandai kardan, namudan va shudan, gardidan, ki dui avval dar sokhtani felhoi guzaranda va dui soni dar sokhtani felhoi monda saristemol ast, inchunin felhoi yoridihandai ditar felhoi tarkibiyu nomi sokhta meshavad.

Fel prefekshoi shaklsoai meva bi-, budorad, ki davomnoki, takror va chandkaratii amal va qatiyat, mutlaqiyat va yakkadetii amalro mefahmonand. Ba fel du prefiksi inkori: na- va ma- vasl meshavad. Prefiksi ma- asosan bo sigai amr meoyad (marav, magir). Dar Felhoi tarkibii nomi hissachai inkori bo feli yoridihanda (kor nakard), dar felhoi tarkibii feli ham bo feli yoridihanda (fahmida namonad), ham bo feli asosi (narafta istodaast) meoyad.

Adabiyot: Grammatikai zaboni adabii hozirai tojik. jildi 1, Dushanbe.1985.Sh. Rustamov.