FERMI Enriko

FERMI Enriko (29. 9. 1901, Rim —28. 11. 1954, Chikago), fiziki italiyavi. Yake az asosguzoroni fizikai yadro, muassisi maktabi ilmii Italiya va ShMA, azoi khorijii Akademiyai Fanhoi SSSR (1929). Soli 1938 ba Amerika rafta bud. Soli 1925 statistikai zarrahoero, ki ba prinsipi Pauli tobeand, kor karda baromadaast. Soli1934 teoremai miqdorii -kohishro isbot kard. Solhoi 1934—38 Fermi bo hamkoronash khosiyathoi neytronro tadqiq namud va ba fizikai neytron asos guzosht. Fermi yak qator elementho (az on jumla uran)-ro bo neytron bombaboron namuda, radioaktiviyati suniro mushohida namudaast; hodisahoi sustshavii surati neytronhoro kashf va nazariyai in hodisaro peshnihod namudaast (laureati Mukofoti nobeli, 1938). Soli 1939 hangomi bo neytronhoi sust bombaboron kardani yadroi uran az on khorij shudani 2—3-to neytroni sarero nishon dodaast. Dar asosi hamin hodisa Fermi bori avval dar tajriba reaksiyai yadroii musalsalro amali gardond (dekabri 1942). U dar sohai fizikai zarrahoi balandenergiya niz tadqiqot burdaast.