FERMENTHO

FERMENTHO (az lotini fermentum — khamirturush, khamirmoya), enzimho, katalizatorhoi makhsusi safedaviero guyand, ki dar hamai hujayrahoi zinda mavjudand. Fermentho mubodilai moddahoro murattab va tanzim namuda, dar prosesshoi faoliyati hayoti roli muhim mebozand.

Fermentho ba 2 guruh taqsim meshavand: yakkomponenta, ki faqat az safeda va dukomponenta, ki az safedayu qismi gayrisafedavi iborat ast. Aksar fermentho dar tarkibashon metall (masalan, paroksidazayu katalaza ohan, askorbinyatoksidaza mis va alkogoldegidrogenaza ruh) dorand, ki be onho nofaoland. Tasiri fermentho ba yak qator omilho, pesh az hama ba harorat va reaksiyai muhiti dokhili (RN), vobasta ast. Fermentho dar harorati 40 —50°S nisbatan faoland. Dar harorti past surati reaksiyai fermentativi sust shuda, dar harorati nazdiki 0° qat megardad. Hangomi az 40— 50° baland shudani harorat niz hamin hodisa ruy medihad.

Muvofiqi tavsiyai Ittifoqi baynalkhalqii biokhimikho. Fermentho ba 6 sinf judo meshavand: 1) oksidoreduktazaho, 2) transferazaho, 3) gidrolazaho, 4) liazaho, 5) izomerazaho, 6) ligazaho.

Dar RSS Tojikiston fermentho dar yak qator kafedrahoi Instituti tibbi va Universiteti Davlatii Tojikiston, baze instituthoi tadqiqoti ilmii Akademiyai Fanhoi RSS Tojikiston va Vazorati nitahdorii tandurusti tadqiq meshavand. Dar kafedrai terapiyai fakultetii instituti tibbi boshad, faoliyati fermenthoro dar zardob va eritrosithoya khuni bemoroni pnevmokonioz tadqiq mekunand. Soli 1959 barobari kushoda shudani Instituti tibbii kishvarii Akademiyai Fanhoi RSS Tojikiston. (hozira Instituti tadqiqoti ilmii gastroenterologiya) shubai biokhimiya tasis yofta, ba ejodi usulhoi muayyan namudani faoliyati Fermentho mashgul gardid. Dar punktathoi jigari bemoron faoliyati 17 nomguy fermentho omukhta shudand. Bo faoliyati enzitmhoi zardobi khuni bomoron muqoisa namudani natijai tadqiqi mikrokhimiyavii fermentho dar boftai jigar imkon dod, ki dar klinika baroi tashkhisi kasalihoi jigar tahlili fermenthoi makhsusi zardobi khun (masalan, gistidinammiakliaza, urokinatgidrotaza va arginaza) tavsiya shavand. Dar Shubai muhofizat va istifodai oqilonai sarvathoi tabiii Akademiyai Fanhoi Resspublikai Soveti Sotsialistii Tojikiston faoliyati fermentho hangomi ba onho tasir namudani pestisidhoi gunogun tadqiq shud.

Prosesshoi fermentativi dar nonpazi, pivopazi, istehsoli spirt, choy, sirko va gayra ahamiyati kalon dorand.

Preparathoi fermenthoi proteoditiero, ki az mikroorganizmho megirand, dar charmgari baroi ravondani muy va narm kardani charm va preparathoi fermenthoi mikrobii pektolltiro boshad, hangomi istehsoli sharbat kor mefarmoyand. Baze fermentho dar tib chun vositahoi makhsusi tahlili biokhimiyavi istifoda meshavand.

I. Mansurova.