FAYaNS

FAYaNS (az fransuzi faience — nomi shahr, markazi istehsoli masnuoti safoli dar Italiya), yak nav safoli nafis yo chinii dagalro guyand, ki az gilmoyai safed, khamirai mineralho, omsidho va digar moddahoi gayriorganiki tayyor mekunand. Az chini bo nisbatan durusht budani gilmoya va rutubatro oz khud jalb kardanash farq mekunad Az nn ru masnuoti fayansi baroi namnoguzar shudan sir doda meshavand.
Safoli nafis dar asrhoi avvali milod dar Khitoy va dar digar shahrhoi Sharqi Miyona va Nazdik istehsol meshud. Dar asrhoi miyona dar Urganj, Niso, Mashhad, Isfahon, Samarqand, Bukhoro korkhonahoi masnuoti safoli nafis mavjud budand. Khususan koshihoe, ki bo usuli safoli nafis tayyor karda shuda, yodgorihoi tarikhii asrhoi miyona bo onho zinat doda meshudand, ahamiyati kaloni memori doshtand. Badtar dar Evropa istehsoli safoli nafis, yane fayans az gilmoyai silikati ba roh monda shud.

Holo dar tekhnika masnuoti fayansi ziyod istifoda meshavad. Gilmoyai onho mamulan ohaki, shomuti (khoki ba otash tobovar), ptati (shpati dashti) va alyuminiydor meshavad. Baroi sokhtani bisyor asbobhoi ruzgor, khususan qismati behdoshti (santekhnika)-i khonayu inshoothoi digar fayansro ziyod istifoda mebarand.
Fayans holo hamchun asbobi ruazor va koshihoi muzayanii devori oshkhonayu binohoi makhsus bisyor istifoda meshavad.