ENERGIYaI ATOMI

ENERGIYaI ATOMi, energiyai yadroi, energiyai dokhiliyadroiest, ki dar natijai reaksiyai yadroi ba vujud meoyad. Haddi aksari energiyae, ki az in yo on yadro khorij shuda metavonad, energiyai bandishi yadroi mazkur ast. Energiyai bandish az energiyai jozibai mutaqobili nuklonho (ki az asari quvvahoi yadroi ba vujud meoyad va ba adadi nuklonhoi yadro mutanosib ast) va energiyai az yakdigar tela khurdani protonhoi tarkibi yadro (ki ba kvadrati adadi protonho mutanosib ast) tarkib meyobad va adadi barobari energiyaest, ki baroi az ham judo kardani hama nuklonhoi tarkibi yadro zarur meboshad. Hisobi energiyai bandish baroi in yo on yadro dushvor nest (nig. Yadroi atom). Energiyai bandishe, ki ba sari yak nukloni yadro rost meoyad andaryak 7—6 MeV/nuklon ast. Ammo dar natijai hodisahoi yadroi na hamai in energiya khorij shuda metavonad. Mas., dar natijai neytronro furu burda, pora shudani yak yadroi JU az ~ 1784 MeV energiyai bandishi on tanho-200 MeV-ash khorij megardad, ki in ba sari dar nuklon tanho 0,86 MeV-i rost meoyad. Inchunin mani dorad, ki hangomi pora shudani hama yadrohoi tarkibi 1 kg U dar yak soat taqr. 22 mln kVt energiya khorij meshavad. In energiya nazar ba energiyae, ki dar natijai sukhtani hamon miqdor benzin khorij megardad qarib 2,5-10 marotiba ziyod ast. Manbai digari E. a. hodisai yakshavii du yadroi sabuk — deytron + *+* deytron va triton 4- deytron (reaksiyai sintezi termoyadroi) meboshad. Lekin reaksiyahoi termoyadroi tanho dar surati (15—20) *10**S budani harorati muhit ruy medihand — in baroi on zarur ast, ki yadrohoi sintezshavanda surati harakati haroratii khudro afzuda, saddi potensialii yakdigarro shikofta, yak shuda tavonand. Dar natijai reaksiyai sintezi, mas., deytron (D) va triton (T) …..ba sari har nuklon energiyai — 3,5 MeV khorij megardad, ki in nazar ba mavridi pora shudani n5U chand marotiba ziyod ast, zero dar in surat yadroi mahsul (4#e) nazar ba yadrohoi yakshavanda dar holati poyontari energi paydo meshavad. Hamin ast, ki reaksiyai D + T vositai base umedbakhshi energetikai oyandai nazdik meboshad.

S.Qodiri.