Dostoni «RAMAYaNA»

«RAMAYaNA», dostoni epikii hindii qadim ba sanskrit; ba shakhsi rivoyati, shoiri Hindustoni Qadim Vadmiki nisbat doda meshavad. Taqriban dar asri 4 to melod dar Hindustoni Sharqi ofarida shudaast; nuskhai imruzaash dar asri 2 murattab gardidaast. Dar asrhoi miyona «Ramayana» yake az kitobhoi muqaddasi vish­nuizm gardid. «Ramayana» az qahramonihoi Rama hikoyat mekunad. Rama pahlavoni jasuru purzurest, ki az Hindustoni Shimoli ba jazirai Lanka (Shri-Lanka) baroi az bandi asorati Ravanai jodugar ozod namudani zavjaash —Sita hujum namuda, ba maqsad merasad. Voqeoti ziyodi dos­ton dar atrofi hamin khatti syujet tasvir shudaast. Bazeho mutaqidand, ki dar «Ramayana» vojeoti tarikhi — harakati qabilahoi oriyoi ba Hindustoni Janubi va zadukhurdhoi onho bo qabilahoi muqimii on nohiya inikos yoftaast. Dar «Ramayana» rivoyatu asotir va afsonaho bo hodisavu voqeahoi davrai ofarinishi asar omekhta qalamdod shuda­and. «Ramayana» bad az «Mahabharata» duyumin dostoni buzurgi epikii hin­di meboshad, ki darajai navu balandtari peshrafti ijtimoi va madaniro tajassum menamoyad. Qismhoi asosii «Ramayana» az jihati sokhtu mundarija mukammaland. Beshubha, in qismho ba qalami muallifi judogonae mansuband. «Ramayana» az jihati shakli badei mukammal buda, az vositahoi tasviri badei boy ast. Az in jost, ki «Ramayana» dar adabiyoti hindi yake az mashhurtarin acapho meboshad. Dar asrhoi miyona «Ramayana» dar Tibet, Khitoy va mamlakathoi Osiyoi Janubu Sharqi intishor yoft. Dar asosi «Ramayana» navisandagoni hind Kalidasa, Bhavabhuti, Bhatti asarho ofaridaand. Dar osori dinii bud­doi va jayni «Ramayana» mavridi istifoda qaror giriftaast. «RAmayana» ba zabonhoi bangoli, malayali, marathi va berun az khoki Hinduston ba zaboni yavanii qadim tarjuma shudaast. Dar asosi tarjumai yavanii in yodgorii adabi ba zabonhoi khmeri, tai, malai va digar zabonhoi Hindu- khitoyu Indoneziya eposhoi qahramoni ba miyon omadand.

Nashr: Makhabkharata. Ramayana. M., 1974; Tri velikikh skazaniya Drevney Indii, M., 1978.

Ad.: GrinserP. A., Makhabkharata i Ramayana, M., 1970; damon muall., Drevneindiyskiy epos, M., 1974,