Daryoi Nil

Nil (ba zaboni misroyoni hozira lotini Nilus, yun. Neilos), daryoest dar Afrika. Tulash 6671 kilometr. Masohati havzaash 2870 dva. kilometr2. Havzan Nil territoriyai davlathoi Ruanda, Keniya, Tan­zaniya, Uganda, Efiopiya, Sudon va Misrro purra yo qisman faro girif- taast. Daryo ae pahnkuhi Afrikai Sharqi bo nomi Rukarara ogoz yofta, bad az burida guzashtani kulhoi Viktoriya, Koga va Mobutu-Sese-Seko (Albert) ba bahri Miyonazamin me- rezad va dar rezishgoh delta (ma­sohat 22 hazor kilometr2) hosil mekunad. Shokhobhoi kalonash: az rost — Asva, Sobat, Nili Kabud, Atbara; az chap — Badr-al-Gazol. Dar boloobash va bayni shahrhoi Khartumu Asvon ostonayu sharsharahoi ziyode dorad. Dar hamvorii Sudon daryo ba masofai 900 kilometr nohiyai botloqzorro burida meguzarad. Dar in jo majroi daryo pur az bardiyu (papirusu) obsabzost, ki onho saddi jarayoni ob shu­da, boisi hadafi seyaki ob (bukhor- shaviyu gizoi rastaniho) megardand. Rejimi obi Nil vobasta ba mavsimi sol tagyir meyobad. Mohi iyun dar natijai avj giriftaii borongarihoi kuhsori Habashi Efiopiya obkhezi ba vuqu meoyad. Dar poyonobi Nil vaqti purobi sathi ob to 6—7 metr ba­land meshavad. Sarfi solonai ob (ba hisobi miyona) dar nazdikii shahri Kohira 2284 metr3/soniya, dar mohi purobtarin 6435 metr3/soniya (sentyabr), dar mohi kamobtarin 551 metr3/soniya (may) ast.

Bo maqsadi tanzimi jarayoni daryo chandin dargot (Asvon, Jabalulavliyo, Sannor va gayra) va baroi obyorii zaminho kanalhoi kaloni Yusuf, Ib- rohimiya, Mansuriya va Ismoiliya sokhta shudaand. Miqdori loyqae, ni daryo har sol ba kishtzor va kana­lu obanborhoi atrofi shahri Asvon meovarad, ba 62 million m3 merasad. Dar Nil va shokhobhoi on GES-hoi Asvon, Naj Hamadi, Al-Fayyum, Ouen-Fols mavjudand. Solhoi 1960—70 bo yorii SSSR dargoti nav va balandi Asvon (As-Sadd-ul-Aly) va GES-i iqtidorash 2,1 million kVt sokhta shud. Az reziishgoh to dargoti Asvon va tamomi miyonobi daryo kishtigard ast. Tuli umumii rohi obi besh az 3000 kilometr. Nil az mohi boy. Dar vodi va deltai Nil   i97%’ aholii Misr zindagi mekunad. Shahrhoi kaloni sohilhoi Nil: Iskandariya, Qohira, Asvon, Khar­tum.

Adabiyot: Popov I. V., Reka Nil, Leningrad, 1958.