Jumhurii SUDON

SUDON, Respubikai Demokratii Sudon davlatest dar shimolu sharqi Afrika. Masohatash 2,5 mln nm². Aholiash 20,6 mln nafar (11983), asosan arabho, nubagiho va gayra. Az se du hissai dindoron musulmonand. Zaboni rasmi — arabi. Poytakhtash shahri Khartum. Sardori davlat — prezident. Organi olii qonunbaror — Majlisi millii khalqi. Qismi ziyodi mamlakatro pushtakuhho faro giriftaand, ki balandiashon asosan 300—1000 m, dar garb va janub besh az 3000 m. Nuqtai balandtarin—Kineti (3187 m). Iqlimash asosan subekvatori, dar shimol tropiki va biyobonist. Hararati miyonai mohova az 15 to 354), borishoti solona dar shimol khele kam,dar janub 500—1400 mm. Dar nohiyahoi shimoli rastanihoi nimbibboni va biyoboni, dar janub rastanihoi savanagi meruyand va beshahoi tropiki mavjudand. Daryoi kalonash Nil (shokhobhoyash Sabat va Nili Kabud).

Dar hazorahoi 4—3 to melod dar hududi Sudon madaniyate paydo shud, ki ba madaniyati hozirai Misr nazdik bud. Az asri 8 to melod pai ham davlathoi ibtidoii sinfii Nalata, Meroe vujud doshtand; to asri 7 melodi davlathoi nasronii Muqurra, Aloa, Nabatiya ba vujud omadand. Badi Misrro (asri 7) zabt kardani arabho muhojirati onho ba Sudon sar shud. Okhiri asri 14 va avvali asri 16 davlati islomii Sennar Sultonii Dorfur va gayra paydo gardidand. Dar nohiyahoi janubi Sudon, ki aholiash asosan qabilahoi zanginajod budand, munosibathoi iqtisodii avlodi boqi memondand. Solhoi 1820—22 hududi Sudonro hokimi Misr Muhammad Ali zabt kard. Az solhoi 60 asri 19 ba Sudon amadani anglisho sar shud. Dar rafti shurishi Makhdiyon (1881—98) davlati mustaqili teokrati tashakkul yoft. Solhoi 1899—1955 Sudon mustamlikai Angliya bud. Soli 1946 partiyai kommunistii Sudon tasis yoft. 1 yanvari 1956 Sudon davlati mustaqil — respublika shud. Soli 1958 dar natijai tabadduloti davlati tartiboti diktatori barpo gardid. 25 mai 1969, badi hokimiyatro ba dast giriftani quvvahoi revolyusioni, Sudon Respublikai Demokrati elon shud. Yak qator tagyiroti peshqadami ijtimoiyu iqtisodi ba amal omad.

Az soli 1956 bo SSSR aloqai diplomati dorad.

Asosi iqtisodiyotash khojagii qishloq. Pakhta (569 hazor ton, 1983), inchunin kunjit, arakhis, juvori, arzan mekorand. Finduqparvari taraqqi kardaast.

Asosan gusfand, buz, gov (55 mln sar, 1963) meparvarand. Korkhonahoi sanoati khurokvori, sabuk, korkardi metall dorad. Tuli rohi ohan 5 hazor km, rohhoi avtomobilgard 21 hazor km va kishtigard qarib 6 hazor km ast. Ba mamlakathoi khorija pakhta, arakhis va gayra mebarorad. Bandari asosiash Port-Sudon. Vohidi pul — funti sudoni.