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ChAShM

ChAShM, uzvi bosirai odam, hayvonoti muhrador va aksar jonvaroni bemuhraro guyand. Chashm dar kosai chashm joy girifta, az kurai (guzai) chashm (qutrash taqr. 24 mm), ki tavassuti asabhoi bosira ba magzi cap va uzvhoi yovar (pilk, azoi ashk, mushakhoi muharrikii chashm) payvast ast, iborat meboshad.

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Chashm ba vositai 6 mushak — chor mushaki rost (boloi, poyoni, dokhili, beruni) va du mushaki kaj (boloiyu poyoni) harakat menamoyad. Devorai kurai chashm az se qabat iborat ast: beruni (qarniya va sulbiya), miyona (mashimiya) va dokhili (shabakiya). Dar dokhili kurai chashm jalidiya va zujojiya joygirand. Sulbiya pardai noshaffof buda, qismi peshash bo multahima pushida shudaast. Qarniya pardai shaffof, qismi az hama hassosi berunii badan meboshad; dar sathi on asabhoi bisyore mavjudand. Mashimiya az inabiya va jismi mijgoni tarkib yof-taast. Inabiya qismi az hama peshi mashimiya buda, dar markazash surokhii mudavvar (gavharak yo mardumak) dorad, ki tavassuti on rushnoi ba dokhili kurai chashm daromada, ba shabakiya merasad va dar on aksi chizi didashavandaro meguzorad. Vobasta ba rushnoi hajmi gavharak dar natijai faoliyati mu-shakhoi makhsus-dilatator (mushaki vasekunanda) va sfinkter (mushaki tangkunanda) tagyir (mas., hangomi rushnoii bisyor tang va hangomi rushnoii kam yo toriki vase meshavad) meyobad. Inabiya doroi pigment ast, ki vobasta ba on Chashm siyoh, qahvarang, khokistarrang, nilgun va g. meshavad. Shabakiya pardai az hama daruni kurai Chashm meboshad. Vobasta ba sokhti anatomi on az 10 qabat iborat ast, ki muhimtarinash qabati hujayrahoi bosira ba shumor meravad. Dar markazi shabakiya dogi zard joygir ast. Jalidiya shaklan linzai du tarafash barjastaro memonad. 3ujojiya qismi ziyodi daruni kurai Chashmro faro girifta, az 99% ob iborat ast. Fosilai bayni devorai aqibi qarniyayu devorai peshi inabiya kamerai pesh va fosilai bayni devorai aqibi inabiyayu devorai peshi jalidiya kamerai aqibi Chashm nom dorad. Kamerahoi Chashm bo zuloliyai shaffof, ki manbai gizoi qarniya, jalidiya va zujojiya ast, pur meboshad. Nig. niz Bemorihoi chashm, Durbini.

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