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BOZUBAND

bozubandBOZUBAND, masnuoti oroishii zargari, dastbandi halqashakli zinati, ki zargaron az tilo, nuqra, mis va digar ashyoi garonbaho dar shakli davra mesozand va onro zanon (beshtar) va mardon ba gardan yo bozu meovezand. Dar zamonhoi pesh har chizi halqashakli oroishyofta va beoroishro, ki dar bozu bas­ta shavad, Bozuband menomidand. Bozubandi zanon az Bozubandi mardon bo on farq mekunad, ki zebu zinati nafisu oroishi besh­tar dorad. Bozubandi mardon mamulan soda buda, baroi podshohon, pahlavonon va shakhsiyathoi maruf bo sanghoi garonbaho zinat doda meshud. Dar zamonhoi pesh Bozubandi makhsuse az filizzoti qimat sokhta meshud, ki onro ba bozui pahlavonon mebastand. Dar guzashta baze chizho, ba monandi rishtai tasbeh, davol (tasmai charmin) va gayraro, ki ba dastai shamsher mebastand, niz Bozuband menomidand. Hatto pahlavonon dar kamarbandi khud davol (tasma)-e mebastand, ki shabehi Bozuband budaast. Dar in khusus dar «Shohnoma»-i Firdavsi omadaast:

Giriftam lavoyai kamarbandi uy,

Biafshurdamash sakht payvandi uy.

Shakli digari mamultarini Bozuband qutichai doirashakli darozru meboshad, ki beshtar dar bayni zanon maruf ast, vale onro ba bozu namebandand, balki ba gardan me­ovezand. In nav Bozuband dar qolabi jaba yo qutichai doira­shakli darozru buda, du tarafash sarpush dorad. Dar sarpushho zanjira nasb mekardand. Ba poyoni Bozuband az simi boriki tilo va yo nuqra panjarahoi khurdakaki segusha yo ovezahoi zinatbakhsh meovekhtand. Az sababi muqaddas budani shumorai haft tedodi in panjaraho yo ovezaho haft adad bud. Dar poyoni in panjaraho gohe tanga, sikka yo zangulachaho kashol menamudand. Ruyi Bozubandro khotamkori karda, bo sanghoi garonbaho oroish medodand. Dar boloi Bozubandi zanon du gushak mavjud ast, ki dar on zanjiri daroz basta meshavad va on baroi ba gardan yo zeri bagal ovezon kardan ast. Dar ruyi Bozuband hunarmandon bo mahorati khossa naqshunigor hakkoki mekardand. Bozubandhoi guzashta khele zebo budand, dar ruyi onho misrae yo andarze sabt megardid. Dar sarpushi Bozuband tibqi taqozoi farmoishgar sanai tarikhi yo kalimai muhimme hakkoki karda meshud, ki in az zargar mahorati makhsusro talab menamud. Bozuband baroi arusshavanda az jonibi padar, barodar va hamsar tuhfai arzishmande bud. Dar daruni Bozuband gohe tumor, duo, navishtai muhim va gohe pul meguzoshtand. Imruzho niz dar baze rustoho Bozuband mavjud ast. Dar folklori tojik niz istilohi Bozuband ba kor raftaast. Yake az badehahoi tojiki «Bozubandamro bideh» nom dorad:

 Dukhtar:

Bachai hamsoya, megum bozubandamro bideh,

Bozubandu gushvoru gulubandamro bideh.

Javon:

Dukhtari hamsoya, megum bozubandat ba mo nest,

Bozubandu gushvoru gulubandat ba mo nest.

Dukhtaron:

Bachai hamsoya, megum bozubandashro bideh.

Bozubandu gushvoru gulubandashro bideh.

Javonon:

Dukhtari hamsoya, megum bozubandat ba mo nest,

Bozubandu gushvoru gulubandat ba mo nest.

Dar guzashta Bozubandi halqashaklro muhra niz meguftaand, ki Firdavsi dar «Shohnoma» az on chunin yodovar shudaast:

Ba bozui Rustam yake muhra bud,

Ki on muhra andar jahon shuhra bud.

Rustam ba Tahmina meguyad, ki agar pisar tavallud ku- ni, muhraro, yane Bozubandro ba bozui u band:

V-ar edun, ki oyad zi akhtar pisar,

Bibandash ba bozu nishoni padar.

Dar bayni mardum Bozubandi quroni niz mavjud budaast, ki az mato dar shakli halqa bo oyathoi Quron tahiya na­muda, ba bozu mebastand va onro «bozubandi» meguftand. Dar zamoni mo niz dar bozui pisaron, dukhtaron, mardon va zanon gohe Bozuband basta meshavad, ki on az mato yo charm ast va dar darunash chande az oyathoi Quron navishta shuda­ast. In nav Bozuband guyo shakhsro az neruhoi shaytoni, jin, balo, chashmi bad va monandi inho zmin nigah medorad.

R. Rahmoni.

Инчунин кобед

SADUDDINI HAMMUI Muhammad ibni Juvayni

SADUDDINI HAMMUI Muhammad ibni Juvayni (soli tavallud nomalum — Vafot 1252), yake az namoyandagoni mashhuri …