BOZSOZI

BOZSOZI, nomi umumii islohot, ideologiyai nav va siyosati rohbariyati Hizbi Kommunisti Ittihodi Shuravi (HKISh) va IJShS, ki maqsadi asosii on navsozii amiqi tamomi jabhahoi hayoti mamlakat, dar zaminai tashkili navi mehnati jamiyati ravnaq dodani korhoi khojagii khalq va harjoniba oshkor kardani mohiyati insondustonai jamiyati dar sohai iqtisodiyot, hayoti ijtimoiyu siyosi va manavi bud. In islohotro ba tavri rasmi dar plenumi KM HKISh dar tarikhi 27 yanvari 1987, ki masalai «Dar borai bozsozi va siyosati kadrii hizb»-ro muhokima menamud, elom doshtand. Dar hamoishi mazkur masalahoi zerinro hamchun khosiyathoi asosii rushdi siyosii kishvar muarrifi namudand: az maqomoti davlati ba hizbi siyosii voqei tabdil yoftani HKISh; ba maqomoti rohbarikunanda peshbari namudani gayrihizbiyon; vasegardonii «demokratiyai dokhili»; tagyiroti vazifaho va naqshi Shuroho, ki dar tashakkuli onho hamchun maqomoti voqeii hokimiyat dar hududhoi khesh tajassum meyoft; barpo namudani intikhoboti Shuroho dar asoshoi raqobati va gayra.
Maqsad va mazmuni voqeii Bozsoziro ba arzishho va idealhoi umumiinsoni nazdik va hammano gardonidani siyosat, iqtisodiyot, ideologiya va farhangi kishvari pahnovaru gunogunchehrai Ittihodi Shuravi tashkil menamud. Ammo ba hadafho noil nagardidand. Bozsozi batadrij naguzasht va oqibat ba tanazzul va az bayn raftani mamlakat sabab gardid. Dar sohai hayoti siyosi ravandi demokratikuni pesh girifta shud. Ba hama subektho va obekthoi munosibathoi jamiyati ozodii mutlaq ato gardid, ammo hissi masuliyat dar nazdi shahrvand, jomea va dav¬lat faromush shud. Guzashtai mamlakat va sarvaroni on hadafi tanqidi sakhtu noodilona qaror doda shud. Hatto dar simoi sarvaroni soliyoni pesh «dushmanoni khalq»-ro mejustand. Neruhoi gunoguni siyosi maqsadu vazifahoi mukhtalif doshtand. Maqomoti hokimiyati davlati falaj gashta, vazifahoi khudro ijro kardan nametavonist. Qonunu sanadhoi tartiboti huquqiro aksari subekthoi muborizai siyosii faolgashta ba etibor namegiriftand. Dar har joyi mamlakat dar zaminai munosibathoi siyosiyu milli muqovimatho ba amal meomadand. Soli 1991 dar mamlakat 2 bor balvo (avgust va dekabr) ba amal omad, ki boisi az ham dur gashtani jumhurikhoi ittifoqi va az bayn raftani Ittihodi Jumhurii Shuravii Sotsialisti gasht. Hamai in benatija namemonad va odamon ba faoliyati siyosi kashida meshavand.
Vaqte ki azobu kulfat, muhtoji va musibati odamon khele avj megirad, onho digar ba vaziyati mavjuda muroso karda nametavonand. Mahz sharoiti hayot onhoro majbur menamoyad, ki ru ba amaliyot va etirozot orand va avzovu holati khudro tagyir dihand.
Odamon dar tarkibi munosibathoi istehsoli naqshi asosi mebozand. Sathi ruovari ba faoliyati siyosi ba hajmi molikiyat va doroi, ki dar dasti odamon va yo gu¬ruhhoi muayyan qaror dorad, vobasta ast. Doroihoe, ki in va yo on guruh dar ikhtiyor dorad, maqomi onro dar nizomi jamiyati muayyan menamoyad. Dar khaqiqat, naqshi zaruriro dar jomea chunin guruhho ba jo meorand. Hukmronii iqtisodi, hokimiyati vasei hayoti moddi ba onho imkoniyati tasiri halkunanda rasonidanro ba samthoi asosii inkishofi jomea medihand. Ammo namoyandagoni in guruh mekhohand, ki in «hokimiyat»-ro rasmi gardonand. Az in khotir, muborizai faoli siyosi bahri ba dast ovar¬dani hokimiyati davlati ogoz meshavad. Neruhoi siyosi metavonand maqsadhoi khudro rupush namoyand va diqqati ommaro az halli masalahoi asosi dur sozand.
Ogozi davrai Bozsozi va demokratikunii jabhahoi gunogu¬ni jomea az tarafi subekthoi munosibathoi siyosi ba har guna fakhmida shudand. Neruhoi siyosii gunoguni bamaydonomada ravandhoi aknun ogoz gashtai demokratiro tahrif namuda, vahdatu inkishofi jomearo maqsadi aso¬sii khud khondand, ammo ba korhoi gayr mashgul gashtand. In quvvahoi siyosi ba bisyor sanadhoi meyoriyu huquqii baynalkhalqiyu vatani murojiat namuda, rioyai purrai onhoro vada dodand, ammo dar amal korhoe ba ijro merasonidand, ki az har guna meyor va akhloq berun bud. Badi on ki Sezdi deputathoi khalqi IJShS ba moddai IV Konstitutsiyai IJShS tagyiroti sifatan nav dokhil namud, dar mamlakat plyurapizmi siyosi va sistemai bisyorhizbi voqei gardid, vaziyati siyosii kishvar bosurat purikhtilof meshud. In holatro dar okhiri solhoi 1980 ravandi istiqlolkhohii kishvarhoi milli tasiri beshtar bakhshid. Agar sohibistiqlol gashtani vohidhoi milliyu hududi ba manfiati aksariyati kulli aholi ba amal oyad va chun vositai komil gashtani jomea boshad, hej joyi taassuf nest. Ammo dar bisyor mavridho ba harakathoi istiqloliyatkhohi neruhoi millatgaroii kanora sarvari menamudand. Albatta, in neruhoi siyosi rasman hamai huququ ozodihoro etirof menamudand, vale dar asl onhoro rioya namekardand. Davlathoi sohibistiqlo¬li nav, ki aksariyati onho az jihati tarkibi etiikiyu milli gunogunchehraand, kafolati inkishofi ozodonavu demok¬ratii tamomi boshandagoni khudro dodan nametavonand.
Okibatkhoi Bozsozi dar voqeiyati holati iqtisodii mamlakat tajassum yoft. Masalan, zakhirai tilo dar soli 1985 2500 tonnaro tashkil medod. Dar soli 1991 on ba 240 tonna poyon faromad. Surati inkishofi iqtisodi mutanosiban + 2,3% va -11 %-ro tashkil menamud. Qarzi khoriji mutanosiban ba 25 va 103, 9 mlrd dollar barobar gardida bud. Dar munosibathoi baynihamdigarii umumiyathoi milliyu etniki yak nav tamoyuli begonashavi paydo gardid. Diqqati asosi ba alomatho va khususiyathoi milli doda meshud. Hatto dar bisyore az jumhurihoi ittifoqi, az qabili Estoniya, Litva, Gurjiston, Ozarboyjon, Armaniston, khudi Russiya va gayra tashkilotu ittikhodiyahoe tasis yoftand, ki dar faoliyati onho goyahoi bartariyu afzaliyati milli nisbat ba millathoi digar khusumati baynimilli maqomi makhsus doshtand. Munosibathoi tezutundi garaznoki baynimilli asosan dar bayni aksariyati milli va aqalliyati milli ba miyon meomad. Rafti inkishofi hayoti jamiyatiro nazora namuda, aksariyati namoyandagoni aqalliyathoi milli khulosaho mebarorand: Oyo minbad dar chunin vohidi milliyu mamuri zindagii oromona ba sar burdan mumkin ast? Baroi chunin savol guzoshtan va ba in tariqa munosibat namudan onho asoshoi ziyod dosh¬tand. On jihathoi umumie, ki aholii sobiq IJShS-ro muttahid menamudand, digar vujud nadoshtand. Ziyoda az in, dar mintaqahoi gunoguni mamlakat: Almaato, Sumga¬it, Boku, Fargona, jumhurihoi Nazdi Baltika, Gurjis¬ton, Abkhaziya, Armaniston, Osetiyai Shimoli, Ingushe¬tiya, hodisahoi fevrali (1990) dar Dushanbe va joyhoi digar, mojaroho va zadukhurdhoi khunin ba vujud omadand. harchand hamai in hodisakho dar zaminahoi milli paydo nashudand va chun mojarohoi milli rukh nadoda boshand kham, ba munosibathoi bayni umumiyathoi milliyu etniki naqshi muassir guzoshtand. Mojarohoi baynimilli oqibati amali omilhoi gunogun meboshand. Ammo baze holathoro qayd kardan zarur ast. Hangomi taqsimoti hududiyu mamuri dar solhoi avvali Hokimiyati Shuravi va inchunin tagyirot dar solhoi minbada ba khatohoi jiddi roh doda shudand. Qisme az zaminhoe, ki millatu khalqiyatho dar on tarikhan zindagi menamudand, ba khayati vohidi mamuriyu millii digar kishvarho dokhil gardidand. Ba chunin holat namoyandagoni millatu khalqiyathoi muosir muroso kardan namekhostand va talab namudand, ki hududhoi davlatdorii milli tajdidi nazar gardad. Dar bisyor jumhurikhoi ittifoqi maqomi mukhtoriyathoi hududiyu milli borho tagyir yoftand va ba hududhoi digar shomil gardidand. Onho az chunin surat giriftani munosibatho norozi buda, bahri on mekushidand, ki shakli davlatdorii milli muvofiqi khohish va ananai milliyashon boshad. Inchunin umumiyathoi mil¬liyu etniki dar zamoni Bozsozi marhalai ehyoi khudshinosiro az sar meguzaronidand. Namoyandagoni onho ba arzishho va sarvathoi milli munosibati khossa zohir menamudand.
Bozsozi munosibathoi baynihamdigarii tamomi umumiyathoi ijtimoi, munosibathoi baynihamdigarii shakhs, davlat va jomearo ziddiyatnok karda, ba onho khosiyati oshtinopazirro payvast gardonid. Mukovimathoi jamiyati kishvarro ba holati buhroni umumi va tanazzul ovard va ravandhoi separatisti quvvat girifta, davlati pahnovarro ba kishvarhoi notavon taqsim kard. Bozsozi baroi Tojikiston niz oqibathoi huznovarro dar pay dosht. Dark nagardidani mohiyati islohot va samtgirii inkishof ba neruhoi peshbari siyosi va maqomoti idorai davlati imkon nadod, ki inki¬shofi bosuboti jomearo tamin namoyand. Voqeahoi fevrali (1990) va jangi hamvatani dar Tojikiston oqibati bevositai siyosati zamoni Bozsozi, natijai faoliyati siyosatmadoron va khodimoni davlatii davr mahsub meshavad.
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G. Zokirov.