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BOZORI BAYNALMILALII SARMOYaI QARZI

bozor-karzBOZORI BAYNALMILALII SARMOYaI QARZI, nizomi munosibathoest, ki dar on sarmoyai qarzi, mablaghoi puli ba mizojon bar ivazi giriftani foiz va dar muhlati muayyan bargardondani onho doda meshavad. On bozori munosibathoi qarzii tanzimshavanda buda, hamkorii du nafar, yane qarzdihanda va qarzgirandaro mu­ayyan mekunad. Bozori baynalmilalii sarmoyai qarzi amaliyoti zerinro dar bar megirad: a) qismi amaliyoti bozorhoi sarmoyai qarzii kishvarhoi alohida (munosibathoi qarzi bo gayrirezidentho, masalan shirkathoi khorijii dar hududi Tojikiston amalkunanda metavonand az Bozorhoi Tojikiston qarz girand); b) amali­yoti qarziyu amonati bo asori khoriji, ki berun az hududi mamlakat in asorro mebarorand.

Rushdi faoliyati Bozori baynalmilalii sarmoyai qarzi az bozorhoi millii sarmoya shuru shudaast. Barobari peshrafti savdoi baynalmilali va ziyod shudani amaliyoti asori zarurati judo kardani amaliyoti asori az bozori qarzii milli va bunyodi qoidahoi umumijahonii in shakli faoliyat ba miyon omad. Bozorhoi buzurgtarini sarmoyai qarzi dar shahrhoi London, Poris, Nyu-Iork buda, ba Bozorhoi baynalmi­lali mubaddal shudaand. Badan barobari afzoishi ama­liyoti qarzii asori Bozorhoi Syurikh, Tokio, Bryussel, Bahrayn va gayra ba faoliyat shuru namudand. Imruzho, vobasta bo peshrafti ilm, bakhusus paydoishu istifo­dai vasei internet dar sohai bonkdori, tartibi ijroi amaliyoti qarzii asori va faoliyati bozorhoi sarmoya komilan tagyir yoftaast. Amaliyoti qarzi dar Bozori baynalmilalii sarmoyai qarzi az jonibi bonkhoi Markazi, tashkilothoi moliyavii baynalmilali, bonkhoi tijorati, shirkathoi sugurtavi, khazinahoi nafaqa, birja va shirkatho ijro meshavand. Vobas­ta ba muhlati istifodai Bozorhoi baynalmilalii sar­moyai qarzi onro ba se qism taqsim kardan mumkin ast:

  1. Bozori baynalmilalii pul – bozori qarzhoi kutohmuddat (az yak ruz to yak sol). Ba in guruh qarzhovu pasandozhoi baynibonki, sertifikathoi bonkho, veksel va rizoyatnomaho (akseptho)-i bonkho dokhil meshavand.
  2. Bozori baynalmilalii qarzkhoi miyonamuhlatu daroz­muhlati khoriji, ki dar onho muhlati qarz besh az yak sol ast. Chunin namudi qarzho az jonibi bonkhoi khoriji baroi peshrafti sohahoi istehsoli, sokhtmoni inshootu rohho va gayra doda meshavand. Masalan, solhoi 1996-2006 guruhi bonkhoi Shveytsariya baroi kisht va istehsoli pakhta ba korhonahoi Tojikiston qarz dodaast. Bonki Vengriya niz ba Kombinati shiri shahri Dushanbe ba muhlati 5 sol qarz dod. Bonki digari hamin kishvar soli 1998 ba hukumati shahri Dushanbe baroi kharidi trolleybusho qarzi darozmuhlat doda bud.

Bozori baynalmilalii moliyavi – bozori kogazhoi qimatnok dar nimai duyumi solhoi 60-um ba faoliyat shuru namudaast. Qarzgirandagon – barorandagoni kogazhoi qimatnok hukumatho, sozmonho va shirkathoi baynalmilali, hukumathoi mahalli va muassisahoi davlati me­boshand. Onho kogazhoi qimatnoki khudro hamchun garavi bargardondani qarz ba bozor barovarda, bar ivazash qarz megirand. Holo khissai asosii qarzhoi baynalmilali (takr. 80 %) ba qarzhoi az hamin bozor girifta rost meoyad.

Dar Tojikiston niz az soli 1997 to imruz vombarghoi Vazorati moliya ba furush barovarda shudaand, ki hadafi on jalbi mablagkhoi pulii aholi baroi pushondani kasri bujeti davlati meboshad. Kogazhoi qimatnok ba muhlathoi gunogun (az 5 to 40 sol) barovarda meshavand. Hamin tariq faoliyati Bozori baynalmilalii sarmoyai qarzi payvasta tagyir yofta, ba talaboti za­mon muvofiq megardad.

Adabiyot: Oymahmadov M., Rahimov Sh., Rahmatova G. Farhangi istilohoti baynalmilalii bonkdori. Dushanbe, 1999; Rahimzoda Sh. Muomiloti puli va qarz. Dushanbe, 2008; Moshenskiy S. 3. Rinok sennikh bumag: trans­formasionnie prosessi. Moskva, 2010.                                                                                                                               Sh. Rahimzoda.

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