BOZORI ASOR

BOZORI ASOR, silsilai munosibathoi ustuvori ijtimoi-iqtisodiyu sozmoni, ki hangomi kharidan va (yo) furukhtani asori khoriji, khujjathoi pulii asori khoriji, inchunin amaliyot oid ba gardishi sarmoyai mablagguzoroni khoriji tashakkul meyobad. Dar Bozori asor muvofiqati manfiathoi mablagguzoron, furushandaho va kharidoroni asori garonbaho ba amal meoyad. Sarrofi (zarshinosi va ivazkunii pul) dar Osiyoi Markazi hanuz az asrhoi miyona khele mamul bud. Bozorhoi asor dar asri 19 ba vujud omadaand. Bozori asor vasilaest, ki ba tavassuti on hisobhoi baynalmilalii savdoi khoriji, sayyohiyu khadamot, harakati sarmoya, furushu kharidi asori khoriji amali megardand. Az solhoi avvali badi Jangi duyumi jahoni to okhiri solhoi 50 asri 20, ki dar dunyo mahdudiyati asori mavjud bud, dar davlathoi mutaraqqi muomiloti asorii spot (qarzi muvaqqati) va forvard (muomilai favrii gayribirjavii asor) ba vujud omada budand. Minbad az solhoi 70-um muomiloti asorii fyuchersi va opsioni afzaliyat paydo kardand. Fyuchers qarordodi dar birja aqdshudaest, ki uhdadorii dorandai onro ba khari­dan (furukhtan)-i kogazhoi qimatnok bo narkhe, ki dar lahzai aqdi qarordod muqarrar shudaast, inchunin ijroi uhdadoriro pas az fosilai muayyani vaqt yo to tarikhi mushakhkhas peshbini menamoyad. Opsion huquqi intikhobi sharthoi alternativii asorii qarordodest, ki dar shartnoma zikr gardida, ba jonibi dakhldor ba muhlati muay­yan yo dar surati faro rasidani holathoi muayyan doda me­shavad. Ishtirokdoroni asosii Bozori asor bonkhoi Markazi, bonkhoi tijorati, firmahoe, ki ba amaliyoti tijorati khoriji mashguland, shirkathoi mablagguzori baynalmilali, fondhoi nafaqa va kheji (qarordodi favrie, ki baroi khimoyai qabli az ehtimoliyati pastravii narkhho basta meshavad), shirkathoi sugurta, birjahoi asor, brokerhoi asor va shakhsoni voqei meboshand. Buzurgtarin Bozorhoi asor dar London, Frankfurti labi Mayn, Poris, Nyu-York, Tokio, Honkong va Singapur meboshand.