BOZII MUKOTIBAI

BOZII MUKOTIBAI, yake az namudhoi khele mamuli bozihoi goibona dar shohmot, ki harifon gashthoi khudro bevosita az tariqi pochta irsol medorand. Bozii mukotibai bori nakhust soli 1694 dar kitobi sharqshinosi anglis T. Khayda «Dar bobi bozihoi sharqiyon» yodovari shudaast. U menavisad: «Shunidam bozargononi venetsiyagiyu khorva­ti, ki dar durihoi dur az ham zindagi dorand, bayni khud bo kumaki mukotiba shatranj mebozand». J. J. Russo dar romani khesh – «Omurzish» (1782-89) piromuni in bozi yodovari kardaast.

Dar asri 19 dar bayni dastaho (masalan, London va Edin­burg, 1824-28; Maskav va Peterburg, 1978—79) va niz afrod musobiqakho ba vositai mukotiba barpo megardid. Dar okhiri asri 19 va ibtidoi asri 20 shohmotbozoni Am­rikoi Janubi va Shimoli, Afriqo niz ba Bozii mukotibai ragbat paydo kardand. Bozihoi buzurgi baynalmilali doir gardidand. Soli 1928 Ittihodi baynalmilalii shohmoti mukotibai (az soli 1951 Federatsiyai jahonii shohmoti mukotibai) tasis yoft. Az on zamon chempionathoi jahon va inchunii musobiqakhoi olimpi bayni dastaho doir me­gardand. Nakhustin finali chempionati jahon oid ba shohmoti mukotibai soli 1950 barguzor shud. Az soli 1951 to in dam 21 musobiqai finali sozmon doda shudaast, ki 18-toi on bo komyobi anjom yoft. Chempionati jahon oid ba Bozii mukotibai miyoni zanon az soli 1968 in jonib rohandozi shudaast, ki to imruz 8 bozii nihoi (final)-i on anjom yoftaast. Az soli 1949 Olimpiadai Bozii mukotibai barpo meshavad. To in dam 17 olimpiada doir gardidaast. Dar hayati dastaho ba namoyandagii har kishvar 6 takhta baroi mardon va 4 takhta baroi zanon dokhil shudaast.

Adabiyot: Shakhmati. Ensiklopedicheskiy slovar. Moskva, 1990.