BOTVINNIK Mikhail Moiseevich (4.8.1911, shahri Kuokala, Petrograd – 5.5.1995, Maskav), shohmotbozi rus, grossmeyster» IJShS, ustodi khidmatnishondodai varzishi IJShS (1945), grossmeysteri baynalkhalqi (1950). Chempioni jahon (1948-57, 1958-60, 1961-63). Doktori ilmhoi tekhniki (1951), professor. Dar 12-solagi bo shohmot oshno shud va dar 14-solagi bori nakhust dar chempionati IJShS ishtirok kard. 7 karat chempioni IJShS (1931-52). Badi piruzi dar musobiqahoi kaloni baynalmilali dar Maskav (1935) va Nottingem (1936, hamrohi X. R. Kapablanka) hamchun dovtalab baroi sohib shudan ba joyi yakum dar jahon etirof gardid. Soli 1948 dar musobiqa baroi joyi yakum dar jahon sohibi unvoni chempioni jahon shud. Dar 7 musobiqai jahoni baroi giriftani joyi yakum shirkat kard: soli 1951 bo D. I. Bronshteyn (12:12); se marotiba bo V. V. Smislov – 1954 (12:12), 1957 (91/2: 121/2), 1958 (121/2: 101/2), du bor bo M. N. Tal – 1960 (81/2: 121/2) va 1961 (13:8); soli 1963 bo T. V. Petrosyan (91/2:121/2). Golibi bisyor musobiqahoi baynalmilali va shash Olimpiadai umumijahonii shohmot (1954— 64) dar hayati dastai muntakhabi IJShS. Solhoi ziyod rohbari maktabi shohmotbozoni javon bud, ki ustodone chun A. E. Karpov, G. K. Kasparov, Yu. Balashov, V. B. Kramnik, A. Yusupov, E. Akhmilovskaya, N. Iosemeani parvardai onand. U az ibtidoi solhoi 70 asri 20 rohbari barnomai shohmot baroi kompyuter bud.
Naqshi Botvinnik dar tarikhi shohmot favquloda buzurg ast. U bo andeshahoi amiqi strategi va zarbahoi gayrichashmdoshti taktiki say mekard, ki bozii pursamare ba namoish guzorad. Botvinnik dar rushdi nazariyai debyut (ogozi bozi) va poyoni bozi sahmi buzurg guzoshtaast va muallifi asarhoi bisyor oid ba shohmot meboshad. Osori Botvinnik oid ba shohmot, energetika, kibernetika ba chandin zaboni dunyo bargardon va muntashir shudaand.
Osor: Analiticheskie i kriticheskie raboti. T. 1-4. Moskva, 1984-87.
Adabiyot: Shakhmati. Ensiklopedicheskiy slovar. Moskva, 1990; Linder V. I., Linder I. M. Koroli shakhmatnogo mira. Moskva, 2001; Beylin M., Averbakh Yu. Puteshestvie v shakhmatnoe korolevstvo. Moskva, 2006.
N. Sharapov.