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BOShQIRDHO

bashkirtsiB0ShQIRDH0 (khud bashkort meguyand), mardume dar Russiya. Aholii muqimii Boshqirdiston dar Federatsi­yai Russiya. Dar viloyathoi Chelyabinsk, Orenburg, Perm, Qurgon, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen va Saratov zindagi mekunand. Zabonashon boshqirdi. Boshqirdho dar Qazoqiston, Turkmaniston, Uzbekistan va Qirgizistonu Tojikiston niz hayot ba sar mebarand. Qisme az onho dar Ukraina niz maskunand. Asosan ba du lahjai zaboni boshqirdi (yurmatini – dar Janub va quvaqoni – dar sharq) gap mezanand. Ba zabonhoi Rusi va totori niz takallum mekunand. Khattashon kirillist. Shumorai umumiashon dar avvali asri 21 beshtar az 1,49 million nafar qayd shudaast. Dar Russiya taqriban 1,35 million nafar, dar Boshqirdiston 864 hazor nafar hayot ba sar mebarand. Dindoron musulmononi sunniand. Unsurhoi dini qadimi ajdodi niz to hol boqiyand. Tarikhi paidoishi Boshqirdho nihoyat murakkab ast. Makoni tashakkuli Boshqirdho Urali Janubi va dashthoi hamshafati on az davrahoi qadim joyi tasiri mutaqobili madaniyat va zabonhoi gunogun bud. Dar nimai 2-yumi hazorai to milod dar janubi Boshqirdiston chorvodoroni eronizabon – sarmatho dar shimol qabilahoi ziroatkoru shikori – ajdodi khalqhoi finu ugor zindagi mekardand. Dar hazorai yakum ba Urali Janubi kuchiyoni turk dokhil shuda, to okhiri hazorsola tamomi Boshqirdistonro ishgol kardand. Dar borai Boshqirdho navishtahoi asrhoi 9-10 boqi mondaast. Solhoi 1552-57 ba davlati knyazii Maskav hamroh shudand. Asrhoi 17-19 Boshqirdho ba zamindori va mohigiri mashgul budand. Dar solhoi Hokimiyati Shuravi Boshqirdho sohibi mukhtoriyati milli gardida (az soli 1919), sanoati puriqtidor va khonagii qishloqi mutaraqqi barpo kardand. Ilmu madaniyat inkishof yofta, ziyoiyoni milli ba kamol rasidand. Idhoi milli to hol doir megardand (qargatuy – dar avvali bahor, sabantuy – idi shudgori zamin, jiyi idi mardumi va gayra). Folklor, rivoyatkhoni va khondani surudhoi milli khele ravnaq yoftaast. Roje ba tarikh, khonagi va madaniyati Boshqirdho nigar Boshqirdiston.

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SAFORAT

SAFORAT, namoyandagi, koru amali safir, ki az tarafi davlate ba poytakhti davlati digar meravad. Nigared, …