BOSIRA

BOSIRA, binoi, quvvai binish, yake az hisshoi panjgona; qobiliyati darki andoza, shakl va rangi ashyo, joygiri va masofai bayni onho. Chashmi inson faqat mavjhoi nuri daroziashon taqriban az 390 to 760 nm-ro dark mekunad. Binobar in, odam nurhoi daroziashon kam (ul- trabunafsh) yo ziyod (infrasurkh)-ro dida nametavonad. Nuri rushnoii ashyo ba vositai gavharak ba chashm guzashta, ba turpardai hissi rushnoi – shabakiya, az jumla ba hu¬jayrahoi makhrutshakl va qalamchashakli on tasir merasonad va torhoi asabi onhoro meangezad. Angezish ba vositai asabi binoi ba markazi qishri Bosira, ki dar magzi sar voqe ast, intiqol meyobad va dar shakli obrazhoi muayyan va taassurot dark karda meshavad.
Dar shabakiya taqriban 7 mln hujayrai makhrutshakl va 12 mln hujayrai qalamchashakl mavjud ast. Miqdori asosii hujayrahoi makhrutshakl dar markazi shabakiya, ki dogi zard nom dorad, joygir shudaand. Barobari az markaz dur raftan miqdori hujayrahoi makhrutshakl kam meshavad, vale adadi hujayrahoi qalamchashakl meafzoyad. Dar kanorai shabakiya faqat hujayrahoi qalamchashakl mavjudand, ki nurro khele khub his karda, baroi dar shomgohon yo shab didan yori merasonand. Hangomi bo har du chashm didani ashyo tasviri on ba nuqtahoi yaksoni shabakiyai chashmon meaftad va odam ashyoro na judo-judo, balki yaklukht mebinad. Agar tasviri ashyo ba qitahoi yaksoni shabakiyai chashmho naaftad, on goh har chiz duto menamoyad, yane, holati ahvali ba vujud meoyad.
Baroi mahfuz doshtani Bosirai muvofiq faroham ovardani sharoiti musoidi behdosht ahammiyati buzurg dorad. Az in jihat ravshanii durustu kofi baso muhim ast. Ba¬roi bemonea ba khona aftodani ravshanii ruz shishahoi tirezaro toza nigoh doshtan lozim; dar zertakhtai tireza gulhoi baland nameguzorand. Ba tirezaho baroi raf namudani tasiri nurhoi rosti oftob boyad pardai safed ovekht. Ravshanii tabii dar khona ba darajai inikosi rushnoii ruz dar saqf, devorho, mebel va digar ashyo voba¬sta ast. Binobar in, onho boyad tobishhoi safed va beshtar zardi sabztob doshta boshand. Baroi rushnoii suni az lampahoi kammasraf istifoda mebarand. Rushnoii onho ba rushnoii ruz nazdik va baroi chashm bezarar me¬boshad. Dar khona baroi kor boyad dar nazdi tireza joyi ravshan judo karda shavad. Masofai bayni chashm va kitob (yo daftar) boyad 30-35 sm boshad. Baroi peshgirii khastagii chashm badi har 30-40 daqiqa kor 10 daqiqa istirohat me¬kunand. Hangomi tamoshoi televizor az ekrani on haddi aqqal 2,5 metr durtar meboyad bud va ham khona boyad rav¬shan boshad. Nigar niz Chashm.
Adabiyot: Kopaeva V. G. Glaznie bolezni. Moskva, 2002; Somov E. E. Of-talmologiya. Moskva, 2008.

Z. Ahrorova.