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borBOR (lot. Borum), V, unsuri kimiyoii guruhi III jadvali davrii Mendeleev; raqami tartibiash 5, massai at. 10,811. Soli 1808 olimoni faronsavi J. Gey-Lyussak va L. Tenar kashf kardaand. Bori tabii az du izotop – 10V (19%) va 11V (81%) iborat ast. Bor 3*10-4  darsadi massai qishri zaminro tashkil medihad. Moddai berangi kristallii sakht buda, khosiyati nimnoqili dorad. Harorati gudozishash 2075°S, harorati jushishash 3700°S, zijiash 2,31-2,35 g/sm3. Bor taqriban dar tarkibi 80 mineral, masalan, bura, kernit, boratsit, uleksit, kolemanit va gayra mavjud ast. Konhoi madani Bor dar Russiya, Qazoqiston, IMA, Peru, Argentina va Turkiya voqeand. Dar holati kristalli va amorfi duchor meoyad. Bor dar aksari payvasthoyash sevalenta buda, tahti harorat bo nitrogen, oksigen, khlor, brom, sulfur va digar unsurho payvast meshavad. Oksidi Bor — V2O3 moddai namkash buda, bo ob kislotai susti ortoborat hosil mekunad. Dar natijai gudozishi Bor bo filizzot boridho ba vujud meoyand. Boridi filizzot dar harorati 2000-3000°S ustuvor ast. In imkon medihad, ki onhoro hangomi sokhtani qismhoi turbinahoi gazi, muharriki samolyot, asbobhoi elektroni istifoda barand. Az reaksiyai kislotaho bo boridi filizzot payvasthoi gidrogenii Bor, yane, boranho hosil meshavand. Boranho moddahoi badbuy va zahrnok buda, az jihati sakhti ba almos nazdikand. Dar sanoat baroi dar muqobili soish va harorat ustuvor namudani khulahoi filizzoti ranga va siyoh ba tarkibi onho Bor ilova menamoyand. Kislotai ortofosfat dar tib, sanoati konserv, rangu emalho istifoda meshavad. Bor dar sanoati shisha, charmgari, istehsoli mato ba kor meravad. Bor hamchun mikrounsur baroi rushdi rustaniho ahammiyati buzurg dorad. Dar khoke, ki miqdori Bor kam ast, hosil past meshavad. Az in sabab hangomi norasoii Bor ba khok kislotai ortoborat, superfosfati bordoshta va gayra ilova mekunand. Dar tar­kibi khok az meyor ziyod budani Bor (besh az 1*10-3%) boisi bemorihoi hayvonot megardad; meyori choizi Bor dar tar­kibi rustaniho to 1*10-4% ast.

Adabiyot: Populyarnaya biblioteka khimicheskikh elementov. T. I. Moskva, 1983; Idrisov T. Kimiyoi anosir. Dushanbe, 2004.

T. Idrisov.

Инчунин кобед

SATHI VINTI

SATHI VINTI, sathest, ki khati £ hangomi dar girdi mehvari nojunboni OO’ bo surati kunjii …