BORONKhOHI

BORONKhOHI, istisqo, istimtor, marosimi talab kardani nuzuli boron dar mavridhoi niyozi sakht ba on. Parastishi khudoi boron va etiqod ba furud ovardani boron asnoi takhiri on miyoni qavmhovu dinhoi gu­nogun az ahdi boston roij budaast. Masalan, dar «Vandidod» Ahuramazdo vada medihad, ki ba zamin boron biboronad, to baroi mardumi imondor gizo va baroi govoni sudmand alaf biyovarad. Qavmhoi eroni ba ezadoni ob va boron etiqod doshtand va onhoro niyoish mekardand. Onho az Anahito, ki ham nomi rude minui va ham nomi farishtai muvakkali ob ast, hangomi kamobi tamannoi boron mekardand va baroyash qurboni anjom medodand. Chunin mepindoshtand, ki u ba farmoni Ahuramazdo ba­roi mardum az farozi osmon boronu barfu jola furu merezad. Dar Avesto («Tir-yasht») az jidoli farishtai boron va devi khushki ba tafsil yod shudaast. Beruni dar «Osoru-l-boqiya» ovardaast, ki dar zamoni Firuz – boboi Anushervon chand sol boron naborid va khushksoli shud. Saranjom Firuz ba otashkada rafta, namoz khond va sar ba sajda nihoda, az Khudo khost, ki baloi khushksoliro dur kunad. Badi az otashkada berun shudani Firuz abre az osmon barkhost va chandon borid, ki mislashro to on ruz nadida budand va ob hama joro faro girift.

Pesh az islom arabho niz baroi nuzuli boron ba shevahoi gunogun vasila mejustand. Dar miyoni qavmhoi somi (bobiliyon, ibroniyon, nabatiyon va qabilahoi sokini Arabistoni Markazi) Alloh ofaridgori osmonho va nozilkunandai boron donista va niyoish meshud. Dar sarzamini Shomu Hijoz qabl az islom har goh ki boron nameborid, mardum ba Makka meomadand va dar on jo qurboni anjom doda, az Khudo boron talab mekardand. Hamchunin dar miyoni arabhoi qablazislomi marosimi Boronkhohi tavassuti otashafruzi («noru-l-istimtor») niz roij budaast. Tibqi in marosim ba dumu pohoi govhoi moda hezum basta, onro ba kuh meburdand va otash mezadand; govhoi vahshatzada ba har su medavidand. Gohe ba shokhi govho niz hezum basta, onro niz otash mezadand. Chunin mepindoshtand, ki khudoyon yo muvakkaloni boron ba sababi muqaddas budani govon va iztirobu norohatii onho ba zudi boron furu mefiristand. Ilova bar in, dar boloi kuh otashe azim afrukhta, ba taqlid az radu barq hayohu va dodu faryod mekardand. Bo zuhuri islom in marosimho az bayn raftand.

Tibqi talimoti dini islom ba mashruiyati Boronkhohi oyot va hadishoi saheh dalolat mekunand. Dar Quron omadaast, ki qatrahoi boron ba amri Khudo az miyoni abrho furud meoyad (30:48); Khudovand az osmon boroni paydarpay mefiristad (71:11); az abrhoi boronafshon obi rezon fu­rud meorad (78:14). Baroi Boronkhohi hadise ba rivoyati Anas ibni Molik istidlol meshavad, ki Payombar (s) bo darkhosti marde dast ba duo bardosht va az Khudovand boron khost. Ba sababi duoi mazkur yak hafta payopay boron bo­rid, sipas boz bo darkhosti hamon mard Payombar (s) duo kard va boron az boridan bozistod. Tibqi hadisi digar ba rivoyati Oisha (rz) Payombar (s) bar minbar khutbae khondu duo kard va dar on az Khudovand furud ovardani boronro talab kard. Sipas az minbar furud omad va du rakat namoz guzorid. Dar payi in darhol boroni sel borid.

Dar islom se navi Boronkhohi mamul ast: 1) duoi alohidai biduni namoz va qabl az namoz; 2) duoi badi namoz; dar khutbai namozi juma va monandi on; 3) istisqo bo du rakat namoz – khoh bo jamoat boshad, khoh ba tanhoi. Navi akhir afzal ba shumor meravad. Boronkhohi ham dar masjid va ham dar khoriji masjid ravo ast. Dar surati ijobat nashudani istisqo on takroran anjom doda meshavad. Baroi Boronkhohi hamrohi mardum baromadani imom sunnat ast. Qabl az khuruj baroi Boronkhohi gusl kardan va ba niyozmandon sadaqa do­dan, poi piyoda va bo tavozuu takhashshuu tazarru ravon shudan; hangomi Boronkhohi dar duo dastonro ba sui osmon bardoshtan, nimae az duoro bo ovozi baland va nimai digarro ba tavri khufya kardan, ba kheshonu payvandoni Payombar (s) va solehonu musulmononi marufi ba taqvo tavassul justan, tavassul justani har kas ba amalhoi neki anjomdodaash, baromadani pirsolonu notavonon, kudakon va barovardani chorvo az jumlai mustahabboti Boronkhohi dar islom ba shumor meravad.

Dar talimoti tasavvuf oid ba avliyo az osmon bori­dani boron yake az karomoti eshon arzyobi shudaast. Hujviri dar «Kashfu-l-mahjub» meorad, ki «avliyoulloh voliyoni olam buda, az osmon boron ba barakati aqdomi eshon meborad va az zamin nabotot ba safoi ahvoli eshon meruyad». Hamin mazmunro Ruzbehoni Baqli niz dar «Sharhi shathiyot» bayon doshtaast.

Dar bisyor kishvarho mardum ba «sangi boron» etiqod doshta, baze jirmhoi az osmon furuaftodaro doroi khosiyati boronovari mepindorand va dar mavridhoi khushksoli az onho boron talab mekunand. Millathoi gunogun zimni Boronkhohi amalhoi marbut ba marosimhoi mardumii khudro niz anjom medihand, az qabili pasopesh pushidani libos, ba saru ru va andomi yakdigar poshidani ob, judo kardani modaron az kudakonu navzodon, meshho az barraho, buzho az buzgolaho; qurboni kardani chorvo va gayra. Dar Aljazoir baroi Boronkhohi ziyofate barpo karda, zimni on guruhe ba raqs medaroyand va ba dahon ob girifta, onro ba osmon meposhand va bo dodu faryod boronu farovoni metalaband. Arabhoi sokini kishvarhoi Afriqoi Shimoli mar­de porsoro biduni ogohii peshakii u ba chashmai ob mepartoyand va aqida dorand, ki dar payi in amal boron meborad. Dar Turkiya pas az khondani namozi istisqo 700 yo 7000 dona reg (sangreza)-ro ba rudkhona meandozand. Zim­ni adoi marosimi Boronkhohi arusakero ba kor mebarand, ki dar miyoni mardumi har sarzamin nomi makhsus dorad: onro turkmanhoi Kirkuki Iroq «chumchagalin» (arusi kafgirak), mardumi Suriya «ummulqavs» (modari kamon yo mohi kavs), Afriqoi Shimoli «algunja», kurdho «bukaborona», uzbekho «suskhotun» (shoyad zani obi), turkzabononi Eronu Turkiya «chumchachik» yo «kupchachik», turkhoi Turkiya «kupcha galin» yo «Galin guk» (arusi guk) menomand. E- tikodi marbut ba Boronkhohi dar miyoni mardumi tojik, az jumla dar marosimi mavsimii ashaglon to ba imruz omada rasidaast.

Adabiyot: Ahmadov R. Folklori marosimhoi mavsimii tojikoni Osiyoi Markazi. Dushanbe, 2007;

S. Mahmadulloh.