BOMAKhRAMA Abumakhrama

BOMAKhRAMA Abumakhrama, khonadoni donishmandone az ahli Hazramavti Yaman dar asrhoi 15-16. Namoyontarin azoi in khonadon, ki dar fiqh, hadis, tarikh, sher va tasavvuf nomovarand, inho meboshand:

• Abutayyib Afifuddin Abdulloh ibni Ahmadi Himyarii Shayboni (1430-1498), faqeh va adib. Binobar donishi gustarda va sarohati guftor mavridi aloqa va ehtiromi ommavu khossa, az jumla sarsilsilai tohiriyoni Yaman Ali ibni Tokhir qaror girifta bud. Bo khohishi vay mansabi qazo (qozigi)-i shahri Adanro bo qaydi baze shartho paziruft, lekin dar in mansab chand mohe faoliyat kardu az rohi daryo ba shahri Shihr firor kard va sipas az on jo ba vatani khud panoh burd. Saranjom Ali ibni Tohir uzri Abutayyibro paziruft va uro ba Adan bargardond. U dar Adan to okhiri umr ba kori ilmi mashgul gasht; dar hamon jo darguzasht va dar shafati oromgohi ustodash Boshkil ba khok supurda shud. Abutayyib dar mavzuhoi gu­nogun talifot dorad. Az jumla, «al-Fatovo» dar fiqh; «Umniyatu-t-tome» dar jabr va muqobala; sharhe bar «al- Mulha»-i Hariri; naqde bar «Jomeu-l-mukhtasarot»-i Nasoi; naqde bar «Alfiya»-i Ibni Molik; inchunin risolahoe dar ilmi hayat.
• Abumuhammad Abdulloh Tayyib ibni Abdulloh ib­ni Ahmad (1466-1540), adib, faqeh va tarikhnigor. Shoirdoni bisyore tarbiya kardaast. Ba qavle, binobar tangdasti va ayolmandi az noiloji muddate mansabi qazoi Adanro paziruft va chande muftii Adan bud. Dar bobi tarikhi Adan va sharhi ahvoli buzurgon, az jumla donishmandonu amironi on kitobe iborat az du qism ba nomi «Tarikhu-s-suguri Adan» talif kardaast, ki az muhimtarin va mutabartarin osori tarikhnigorii mahalli ba shumor meravad. Asari digari u «Kilodatu-n-nahri fi vafayoti ayoni-d-dahr» shomili sharhi ahvoli iddae az shakhsiyathoi maruf az nakhustin solhoi hijri to soli 927 h. q. buda, to andozae kitobi «Mirotu-l-jinon»-i YOfeiro takmil bakhshidaast. «Mushtabahu-n-nisba ila-l-buldon»-i u (bo nomhoi «Asmou-l-buldon» va «an-Nisbatu ila-l-mavozi va-l-buldon» niz yod mesha­vad) kitobest dar bayoni mansubon ba shahrho. Muallif sababi talifi onro nopaydo budani asari jomee dar in zamina arzyobi kardaast. Az osori yoftnashudai u ba «Asmou rijoli muslim», sharhi «at-Tanbih»-i Abuishoqi Sherozi, sharhi «Saheh»-i Muslim metavon ishora kard.
• Umar ibni Abdulloh ibni Ahmad (1479-1545), faqeh, sufi va shoir. Dar Hijrin ba dunyo omada, hamon jo kasbi kamol kard. Nufuzi dini va siyosi-ijtimoii u ba hadde rasid, ki bo davlatmardoni Davan va Hijrin dargir shud, az in ru, sulton Badri Kusayro uro se bor ba Shihr badarga kard. Umar faqehe maruf bud, vale badi shinosoi bo Abdurrahmon ibni Bohurmuzi sufi (favt 1508) tahti tasiri u ba tasavvuf garavida, az muridoni khossi u gardid. Yak sol qabl az vafoti piri khud az dasti u khirqa pushida, to okhiri umr dar Sevun khalifaash shud. Dar Sevun darguzasht va marqadash dar on jo ziyoratgohi ikhlosmandon gardid. Shoyad sababi aslii badargashavii Umar ham hamin garoishi shadidi u ba tasavvuf boshad. Ashori omiyonai Umar mavridi tavajjuhi khossu om, hatto dar zamoni imruz niz qaror giriftaast. Az devoni ashorash nuskhahoi ziyode dar Yaman va Makka mavjud ast. Az digar osori mansub ba Umar metavon ba «Sharhu asmoil- lohi-l-husno», «al-Matlabu-l-yasir mina-s-soliki-l-faqir», «al-Voridu-l-qudsiyyu fi sharhi oyati-l-kursiyi» ishora kard.
• Abdulloh ibni Umar (1501-1565), faqeh va hayatshinos. Dar ulumi mukhtalif, az jumla hayat, tarikh, sher va khususan fiqh sohibnazar bud va dar halli masoilu mushkiloti pechidai fiqhi hamto nadosht, hatto uro «Shofeii sagir» mekhondand. Soli 1537 mansabi qazoi Shihrro paziruft, vale sipas kursii ustodiro bar in mansab avlo donista, ba Adan bozgasht va to poyoni umr hamon jo zist. Zimni adoi mansabi ifto (fatvodihi) nazorati umuri avqofi se madrasaro ba uuda dosht. Dar ulumi mukhtalif talifoti ziyode dorad. Az jumlai oso­ri ust: «Risola fi-l-amali bi-r-rubi-l-mujab», sharhi «ar-Rahbiya fi-l-faroiz», «al-Fatovo-l-adaniya» yo «al- Fatovo-l-hijroniya», «al-Luma fi ilmi-l-falak», «Nabzatun fi ilmi-l-falak».

S. Mahmadulloh.