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BOLIVAR (Bolivar) Simon

bolivar-simonBOLIVAR (Bolivar) Simon (24.7.1783, Karakas, Vene­suela, 17.12.1830 – Santa-Marta, Kolumbiya), yake az rohbaroni muborizai ozodikhohonai mustamlikahoi Ispaniya dar Amrikoi Lotini, khodimi davlati. Dar shahri Karakasi Venesuela, dar oilai ashrofzoda tavallud shudaast. Az padaru modar barvaqt mahrum gashta, tahti vasoyati amakash ba kamol rasidaast. Solhoi 1799-1806 ba Avrupo karda, dar Ispaniya, Faronsa va Itoliyo zista, dar marosimi tojguzorii Na­poleon Bonapart ishtirok namudaast. Soli 1807 ba Venesuela bargashta, baroi barham dodani nizomi mustamlikavii Ispaniya dar Venesuela muborizahoi istiqlolkhohonaro (solhoi 1810— 11) vusat bakhshid. Badi shikasti jabhahoi ozodikhohon dar Venesuela ba Granadai Nav (hozira Kolumbiya) firor namud. 6 avgusti 1813 ba Venesuela lashkar kashida, Karakasro ishgol namud va Venesuelaro jumhurii sohibistiqlol elon kard. Bolivar sarvari nakhustinu diktatori komilhuquqi Jumhurii Venesuela va sazovori unvoni Ozodkunanda gardid. Soli 1814 jangovaroni muttahidai Ispaniya Venesuelaro zabt namudand va Bolivar mayi 1815 ba istefo rafta, dar Yamayka va sipas Gaiti panoh burd. Dekabri 1816 bo dastahoi ozodikhohon dar sohilhoi Ve­nesuela sangar girifta, az nav muborizai ozodikhohonaro shuru namud. U bo farmoni makhsus nizomi gulomdoriro dar kishvar bekor karda, ba sarbozoni jabhai ozodikhohon dodani zaminro elon dosht, ki in tadbir boisi dastgirii hamajonibai Bolivar az jonibi mardum gardid. Bolivar soli 1819 Granadai Navro ozod karda, onro jumhurii sohibistiqloli Kolumbiyai Buzurg elon namud. U khudi hamon sol Prezidenti Jumhurii Kolumbiyai Buzurg intikhob gardid, ki ba hayati on Venesuela, Granadai Nav va dertar Kito (Ekvador) dokhil meshudand. Soli 1824 Bolivar neruhoi harbii Ispaniyaro dar Peru shikast doda, sardo­ri davlati navi sohibistiqlol gardid, ki ba sharafi u Boliviya nomida shud. Soli 1826 bo tashabbusi Bolivar dar Pa­nama Kongressi muttahidai davlathoi sohibistiqloli Amrikoi Lotini davat karda shud. Dar in Kongress naqshai sozmon dodani Konfederatsiyai davlathoi Amri­koi Janubi (Venesuela, Kolumbiya, Peru, Boliviya, La-Plata va Chili) dar misoli Konfederatsiyai IMA az jonibi vakilon dastgiri nayoft. Badi intihoi muborizahoi ozodikhohona miyoni davlathoi Kolumbiyai Buzurg harakathoi judoikhohi quvvat girifta, hukumati Bolivar dar Peru va Boliviya sarnigun shud (1827-28). Dertar Kito va Vene­suela az Kolumbiyai Buzurg judo shudand (1829-30). Bolivar soli 1830 zeri fishori nerui mukholifin ba istefo rafta, az muborizahoi siyosi dast kashid. Badi az qudrat raftani u Kolumbiya, Venesuela va Ekvador davlathoi mustaqil shudand. Bolivar soli 1830 dar nazdikii Santa-Marta (Kolumbiya) vafot kard. Badi du sol (1832) jasadi uro ba tavri tantanavi ba Karakas (Venesuela) ovarda, dafn kardand. Ba sharafi Bolivar dar mamlakathoi Amrikoi Lotini nomi shahrho, kuchavu khiyobonho, vohidi puli va gayra, guzoshta shudaast.

Adabiyot: Lavreskiy I. R. Bolivar. Moskva, 1981; Gliikip A. N. Diplomataya Simona Bolivara. Moskva, 1991. Marshal F., Kreni B. Bolivar, Moskva, 1944; Voyna za nezavisimost v Latinskoy Amerike (1810-1826). Moskva, 1964; Alperovich Moskva, Slezkin L. Obrazovanie nezavisimikh go­sudarstv v Latinskoy Amerike. Moskva, 1966.

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