BOQIR Imom Boqir

BOQIR Imom Boqir, Abujafar Muhammad ibni Ali ibni Husayn ibni Ali ibni Abitolib, mulaqqab ba Boqiru-l-ulum; bo laqabhoi «Hodi» va «Shokir» niz yod meshavad (677 yo 678, Madina – 732, hamon jo; madfun dar guristoni Baqe), yake az ulamoi barjastai sadri islom va az jumlai tobein. Boqir ham az jonibi padar va ham az jonibi modar tabore buzurgvor va nomdor dosht; farzandi Zaynulobidin va padari Jafari Sodiq. Sababi «Boqiru-l-ulum» («Shikofandai donish») laqab gi­riftani uro donishi vase va amiq doshtanash donistaand. Binobar talimoti shia Boqir panjumin imom az imomoni duvozdahgona va haftgona buda, pas az rehlati padarash imom Zaynulobidin dar soli 712 jonishini u dar imomat shud, zero avvalho guruhi kuchake az shiayon ba pushtiboni az tanho pisari bozmondai imom Husayn – Zaynulobidin barkhostand. Dar zamoni Boqir in guruh imomiya nom girift. Boqir dar avval az doshtani naqshi faol dar umuri siyosi duri just, vale az nazari fikri va dini dar tarikh naqshi boriz dosht. Badan vay ba surati peshvo va donishmande zohir meshavad, ki na tanho dar masoili fiqhi sohibittilo bud, balki dar tafsiri Quron, ahodisi nabavi, mavzuoti kalomi bo du janbai dunyavi va ruhoni dasti bolo dosht.

Hayoti Boqir shohidi ravnaq yoftani ilmu donish dar zaminahoi mukhtalif bud. Naqshi Boqir dar nashri in ulum buzurg ast, ki ahodisi bisyor ziyod va gunogunnavi az u rivoyatshuda ba in dalolat mekunand. Vay hamchunin nazdi shia nakhustin imomest, ki ba munazzam kardani tali­moti dini pardokht. Ba khotiri on ki dar aqoidi mukhtalifunnavi imomat nizom va tartibe padid oyad, Boqir nazari kheshro dar borai imomat bayon kard, dar borai aqoidi kalomii marbut ba imon, qazo va qadar, tavhid andeshai khudro ibroz namud. Binoan Boqir na tanho ba unvoni hodi va peshvoi ruhonii guruhi khosse zohir meshavad, ki maktabero bunyod nihoda, balki ba unvoni yake az barjastatarin ulamoi islom ba tavsea va intishori ilm dar tamomi janbahoi zindagii musulmonon baromad mekunad.

Rivoyoti manqul az Boqir dar kitobhoi hadisi ahli sunnat kamtarand. Chunonchi, Bukhori tanho se hadisro az Boqir rivoyat kardaast. Az ahodisi Boqir, ki dar barkhe az makhazhoi ahli sunnat va jamoat omadaast, malum meshavad, ki imom ilova bar ahodise, ki bevosita az padaroni khud ri­voyat mekunad, shakhse, ki beshtar az u ahodise naql mekard, Nobir ibni Abdullohi Ansori bud. Nuktai digar manzilati khudi imom Boqir ba unvoni yak muhaddis ast. Az du hadise, ki dar «ar-Risola»-i Shofei omadaast, yake ba Boqir khatm meshavad. Dar «Musnad»-i Ibni Hanbal niz barkhe az isnodho ba imom Boqir khatm meshavand. Ibni Hajari Asqaloni dar «Tahzibu tahzib» az kasone, ki az imom Boqir hadis rivoyat kardaand, fehristi mukammalero peshnihod mekunad. Az jumlai in roviyon, gayr az pisarash imom Jafari Sodiq metavon ashkhosi zaylro nom burd: Abuishoqi Sabii, Umar ibni Abdulloh, Araj, Zuhri, Muhammad ibni Maslama, Amr ibni Dinor, Avzoi, Abdurrahmon ibni Amr, Jurayj, Sulaymon ibni Mehron, Makhul ibni Rashid, Muammar ibni Yahyo ibni Samson va digaron. Dar in bayn nomi donishmandoni barjastaero mebinem, ki har yak havzahoi tadrisii khudro doshtaand (misli Zuhri, Avzoi, Jurayj). Zuhri nafaqat sahme dar girdovarii hadis dosht, balki ba unvoni muallifi osori bisyor arzishmande monandi «Tanzilu-l-Quron» va «Mansukhu-l-Quron» nomdor shud. Makhul, faqehi ahli Shom, ki hadishoi Boqirro rivoyat mekard, ahodisi nabavi va tedodi fatovoi fiqhiro mubtani bar oroyi sahobiyon dar kitobe ba nomi «Kitobu-s-sunan» gird ovard. Dar ruzgori Boqir garoishu mazhabhoi mukhtalifi kalomi padid omada budand va hamchunin payravoni digar dinho dar sarzaminhoi islomi zindagi mekardand va bayni onhovu musulmonon barkhurdhoi fikri ruy medodand. Boqir dar chunin bahsho va mujodalaho shirkat namuda, ba pursishho posukh meguft. Chunonchi, «Ummu-l-kitob» posukhi Boqir ba savolhoi guruhi shogirdon va donishmandone chun Jafari Nufi va Muhammad ibni Mufazzal meboshad. Dar makhazho va asarhoi tahqiqoti, az qabili «Khayrotu-l-hison fi manoqibi-l-Imomi-l-Azam Abioanifa an-Numon»-i Ibii Khachari Khaitami (1503/ 04—1565/66) va «Tukhfatu-l-amoi fi sirati-n-Numon»-i ibni Hajari Haytami (1503/04-1565/66) va «Tuhfatu-l-amon fi sirati-n-Numon»-i Shiblii Numoni qissai muloqoti imom Boqir bo imom Abuhanifa dar Madina va guftugui doirgardidai miyoni onho dar mavridi masalahoi fiqhi, az jumla istifo- dai qiyos az jonibi Imomi Azam, zikr shudaast.

Pas az vafoti Boqir payravoni u ba chand guruh taqsim shudand. Yak guruh (boqiriya) dar intizori bozgashti imom ba unvoni Mahdi budand, guruhi digar ba guruhi Husayni Nafsi Zakiya payvastand. Guruhhoi digar ba Mugira va Abumansur bayat namudand. Iddae az payravoni Boqir pi­sari kalonii u Abdulloh Jafarro, ki badan ba unvoni Sodiq mashhur shuda bud, ba tariqi vasiyat ba haysi imom shinokhtand. Nigar niz Jafari Sodiq.

Adabiyot.: Abdurrahmon Sayfi Ozod. Tarikhi khulafoi fotimi. Dushanbe, 1990; Farhod Daftari. Ismoiliyon: tarikh va aqoid, Moskva, 1999; Muhammad Giyosuddin. Giyosu-l-lugot. Dushanbe, 1987; Ibni Hajari Makki. Manoqibi Imomi Azam. Dushanbe, 2009; Shiblii Numoni. Tuhfatu-l- amon fi sirati-n-Numon. Dushanbe, 2009;

 B. Rahmatov.