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BOYSUN

boysunBOYSUN, nohiya (az 29 sentyabri soli 1926) va shahr (az 1975, markazi nohiyai Boysun) dar viloyati Surkhondaryo. Masofai Boysun az shahri Dushanbe ba samti garbi 200 km, balandiash az sathi bahr 1240 metr buda, dar samti garbii okhiri kuhi Hisor joygir shudaast. Az samti shimoli sharq bo nohiyai Sari Osiyo, az Sh. bo nohiyai Qumqurgon, az janub bo nohiyai Kizirik va Bandikhon, az janubi garb bo nohiyai Sherobod, az shimoli garb bo nohiyai Qamashi va Dehqonobodi viloyati Qashqadaryo hamsarhad ast. Hududash Boysun – 3,72 hazor km2. Aholiaash besh az 80 hazor nafar (2000) asosan tojikho. Az 7 jamoati dehoti mardumi (Avlod, Boysun, Darband, Machchoyi, Rabot, Sayrob, Qurgoncha) tarkib yoftaast.

Iqlimi Booysun khushki subtropikist. Mohi yanvari harorati havo dar balandii 850 m +2, dar balandii 3200 m – 6; mohi iyul dar balandii 830 m +30 ast. Borishot, ba hisobi miyona, dar balandii 500-1200 m to 150-400 mm, dar balandii beshtar az 1200 m to 450-800 mm. Davri nashv 230-240 ruz ast. Dar Boysun bodhoi fyon va shamoli afgoni mevazand. Az kuhhoi Boysun daryovu soyhoi ziyode monandi Sheroboddaryo, Machchoyidaryo, Shurob, Khojabulgansoy, Panjob, Laylakonsoy, dehahoi Khojai Pok, Qurgonchasoy, Halqajar, Ohangaronsoy va gayra jori meshavand.

Dar asari Istakhri «Masolik va-l-mamolik» (asri 10) nomi qadimii Boysun «Bosand» (dar hududi davlati Chagoniyon) omadaast. «Hududu-l-olam» (asri 10) Bosandro shahrake medonad bo «…mardumi bisyor, dar rohi Bukhorovu Samarqand. Joyi ustuvoru mardumoni jangi». Nomi Bosand to istiloi mugul dar gard bud va badan dar talaffuzi turkoni badavi gunai Boysunro giriftaast. To davroni Amorati Bukhoro markazi bekigari buda, dar on tojikoni muqimi va qabilakhoi kuchii uzbektabor zindagi mekardaand. Dar osori tarikhnigoroni rusi asrhoi 18-20 N. A. Maev, A. Shishov, B. X. Karamishev va digar roje ba sokinoni muqimii Boysun ittilooti muhim iroa gardidaast. Sarchashmahoi tarikhi, osori bostonshinosi va farhangi zindai mardum bar on dalolat mekunand, ki az zamonhoi qadim dar in mintaqa tojikon sokin buda, badan qabilahoi gunoguni turktabor omadavu maskun shudaand.

Boysun yake az shahrhoi bostoni meboshad. G ori Teshiktoshi on ba osori davrai paleoliti poyon mansub buda, tarikhi takr. besh az panchhazorsola dorad. Az Boysun nishonakhoi oso­ri bostonii ziyode paydo shudaand. Dar arafai asri 1-i milodi dar joyi Boysun shahre ba nomi Qalai Poyi Kalon mavjud budaast.

Dar natijai hafriyoti bostonshinosi dar Boysun shahrhovu qalahoi qadimii ziyode, monandi Poyqurgon, Qozimulloteppa, Saribandteppa, Yalangtushteppa, Darband, Minchoqteppa, Buyrachi, Qiziljarteppa, Mulloteppa, Qalaqurgon paydo shudaand, ki Boysun Teshiktosh az jumlai onhost. Az in magok qarib 3 hazor masnuoti sangi va jasadi pisarbachai 8-9-sola paydo shudaast. Dar hududi shimoli garbii Boysun kuhi Boysuntog mavjud ast, ki davomi kuhi Hisor buda, dar domanavu atrofi on kuhhoi khurd joygirand. Az on kuhho ukonit, karamzit, karbid, ohaksang, gazi tabii, angisht, boksit, fosfor va mavodi di­gar istikhroj mekunand.

Dar Boysun rustanihoi sebarga, maysa, shiralaf, gumoy, yantoq, nakhutak, tak-tak, pechak, shuralaf, ruyan, lola, yunuchqa, savsan, boychechak, guli khayri va giyohhoi shifobakhshi kokuti, ipor, zanjabil, govzabon, bargi zuf, revoj, qoqu, khokistarak, rishi buz, rova, isfanokh, alkor, zirk, buymodaron va gayra, hamchunin, darakhtoni archa, chanor, dulona va gayra meruyand. Az hayvonho buzi kuhi, khuki yoboi (guroz), sugur, ruboh, gurg, khorpusht, az parandaho kabk, uqob, chil, aloshaqshaqa, musicha, mayna, gunjishk va gayra umr ba sar mebarand

Korkhonahoi sanoatii Boysun: Jamiyati sahomii «Ishonch», koni angishti «Boysun» va digar korkhonahoi khurd. Soli 1994 avvalin korkhonai karbid ba kor daromad. Muassisahoi khidmatrasonii «Tadbirkor» va «Hunarmand» mushkili aholiro oson megardonand. Dar Boysun 164 korkhonai khurd, 18 jamiyati sahomi, avtokalonnahoi «Boysun», «Boysunqurilish» va bisyor korkhonahoi sayyor amal meku­nand. Bakhshi kishovarzi, chorvodori va jangaldori rivoj dorand. Kishti galla, bogdori, zanburparvari taraqqi kardaast.

Peshahoi gunoguni mardumii misgari, kuloli, zargari, sanduqsozi, ohangari, duredgari, gulzani, kashidaduzi, alochabofi, karbosbofi, nonvoi, qannodi, halvopazi, charmgari va gayra dar khidmati hamagonand. Korkhonai shohibofi faoliyat dorad. Amonkhona yake az ajibtarin mavzehoi Boysun buda, az qadim boz ziyoratgoh va joi tabobatii mardum mahsub meshavad. Behuda nest, ki YuNESKO Boysunro sarzamini ganjinai farhangi manavii insoniyat elom dosht. Dar dehahoi Avlod, Sari Osiyo, Kushkak, Posurkhi, Bibishirin, Sayrob, Panjob, Darband, Duoba, Sanggardak, Dehi Bolo, Qurgoncha, Havz, Nazari va gayra aso­san tojikon ba sar mebarand va farzandonashon dar maktabhoi tojiki tahsil mekunand. Onho zaboni modari, rasmu oyin, anana va digar sunnathoi khudro qavi nigoh doshtaand. Az zamonhoi qadim to hol dar bayni tojikoni Boysun nishonahoi farhangi bostoni oriyoi ba khubi mushohida meshavand. Az jumla, to imruz dar bayni tojikoni Boysun ananai afsonagui, qissapardozi, shohnomakhoni, aksiyaguyi, baytbarak, surudu taronakhoni dar rivojand. Lahjahoi tojikii Boysun az hamdigar tafovut doshta, vijagihoyashonro donishmandoni soha X. Hamroqulov va U. Qurbonov tahqiq kardaand. Manzarahoi ruzgori tojikoni Boysun dar osori S. Ayni, J. Ikromi, S. Tursun, I. Nasriddin, A. Mahmadshoh, R. Makhsumzod va digar adiboni tojik inikos yoftaast. Boysun dar peshrafti ilmu farhangi umumitojiki hissai namoyon guzoshta, tarikhshinosi nomi akademik Mullo Erkaev, donishmandi sohai kishovarzi va sobiqadori umuri hizbiyu davlati A. B. Qaraqulov va bisyor doktoronu professoroni digarro ba voya rasondaast.

Adabiyot: Gafurov B. Tojikon. Tarikhi qadimtarin, qadim, asrhoi miyona va davrai nav. Dushanbe, 1998; Shishov A. Tadjiki. Almati, 2006; Hamroqulov X. Shevahoi tojikoni rayoni Boysun. Dushanbe, 1961; Maev N. A. Ocherki gornikh bekstv Bukharskogo khanstva//MSTK, vip. U, 1879; Karamishev B. X. Ocherki etnicheskoy istorii yujnikh rayo­nov Tadjikistana. Moskva, 1976; Kislyakov N. A. Sayrobskie tadjiki//Sovetskaya etnografiya. 1965, № 2; Hudud-ul-olam/Tahiyagari matn N. Qosimov. Dushanbe, 1983; Uzbek milliy ensiklopediyasi. T. 2. Toshkand, 2001; Rahmoni R. «Dostoni Barzu» dar guftori Jura Kamol. Dushanbe, 2007; Rahmoni R. Traces of Ancient Iranian Culture in Boysun District, Usbekistan. // Asian Folklore Studies, Japan, Nagoya, Vol. 60, 2001. rr.295-304; Rahmoni R. Tajik Women as Folktale Tellers: Tales in tradition. (With video-records). Moscow, 2002;

R. Rahmoni

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Dehai SAFEDORON

SAFEDORON, dehaest dar Soveti qishloq Hakimii rayoni Komsomolobodi Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston. Territoriyai sovkhozi «Chorsada». …