BOYGONI

BOYGONI, arkhiv, boygon, muassisai mustaqil yo sokhtori maqomoti davlati (tashkilot, muassisa, korkhona), ki hujjathoi ba tarkibi Khazinai boygonii milli dokhilkardashuda, inchunin majmui hujjathoi dar natijai faoliyati maqomoti davlati (tashkilot, muassisa, korhona) va shakhsoni alohida paydoshudaro jamovari va nigohdori mekunad, baroi bahisobgiri va istifodai hujjatho dastgohi ilmi-malumotdihi tartib medihad, istifodai minbadai hujjathoro baroi maqsadhoi imruzai davlat va jomea tamin menamoyad.
Tarikhi Boygonii vatanamon az hazorsolai 1 to milod sar meshavad. YOdgorhoi tarikhie yoft shudaand, ki dar borai davlathoi Port, Khorazm, Sugd, davlati Somoniyon malumoti khatgi dorand. Ibni Sino dar borai Boygonii kitobkhonai davlati Somoniyon malumoti purarzish dodaast. Az asrhoi 8-10 sar karda, barobari Boygonii davlati Boygonihoi shakhsi niz paydo shudand (Boygonii Devashtich va gayra).
Ammo dar davlathoi Osiyoi Miyona yak sokhtori ba kori boygonidori rohbarikunanda nabud va in hol baroi ba¬hisobgiri va nigohdorii hujjathoi Boygoni tasiri manfi rasond. Badi Inqilobi Oktyabr dar asosi dekreta Shuroi Komissaroni Khalqi Respublikai Sovetii Federativii Sotsialistii Rossiya az 1 iyuni 1918 «Dar bo¬rai digargunsozi va markazonidani kori boygoni» va di¬gar qarorhoi hukumati hujjathoi hamai maqomoti davlati, muassisaho, tashkilotho va korhonakho ba Khazinai yagonai Boygonii davlati dokhil karda shudand va dar miyonahoi solhoi 20-um dar shahrhoi Khujand va Istaravshan Boygonihoi davlati hamchun muassisahoi mustaqil tasis yoftand. So¬li 1928 dar nazdi Kumitai ijroiyai markazii Jumhurii Mukhtori Shuravii Sotsialistii Tojikiston (JMShST) Idorai markazii Boygoni va dar mahalho shubakhoi vay tash¬kil yoftand. Solhoi minbad yakjo bo tadbirhoi takmili idorakunii davlati va tagyiroti mamuri-hududii mamlakat shabakai Boygoniho niz takmil yoft. Holo dar Jumhuri 5 navi Boygoni amal mekunad.
Boygonii davlati, muassisai mustaqil, ki nigohdorii doimii davlatii hujjathoi ba tarkibi Khazinai boygo¬nii millii Jumhurii Tojikiston dokhilshudai maqomoti davlati, muassisaho, tashkilotho va korkhonaho, inchu-nin yodgorhoi hujjatiro tamin menamoyad. Aznavtashkildihi yo barhamdihii boygonii davlati bo qarori Hukumati Jumhurii Tojikiston amali meshavad.
Boygonii idoravi, sokhtori maqomoti davlati, tashkilot, muassisa, korkhona ki majmui hujjathoi dar natijai fa¬oliyati on paydoshudaro jamovari va muvaqqatan nigohdori mekunad. Bo guzashti muhlati nihoii nigohdo¬rii idoravi hujjathoe, ki ba tarkibi Khazinai boygonii millii Jumhurii Tojikiston dokhil karda shudaand, ba¬roi nigohdorii doimi ba Boygonii davlatii dakhldor suporida meshavand. Digar hujjathoi Boygoni tibqi qoidahoi muqarrargardida, yo baroi nigohdorii darozmuddati idoravi, yo baroi nobudkuni judo karda meshavand.
Boygonii shubai dastkhathoi osorkhonaho, kitobkhonaho va baze pajukhishgohhoi Akademiyai ilmhoi Jumhurii Tojikiston tibqi qonunguzorii jori nigohdorii doimii dav¬latii hujjathoi alohidai Khazinai Boygonii millii Jumhurii Tojikiston va yodgorkhoi hujjatiro sozmon medihand.
Boygonii bayniidoravii hujjathoi khayati shakhsi muassisai mustaqil buda, hujjathoi khayati shakhsii tashkilotho va korkhonahoi shahr (nohiya)-ro nigahdori meku¬nad va dar asosi in hujjatho ba shahrvandon dar borai sobiqai kor, muzdi maosh yo tahsil dar maktabkhoi kasbi malumotnomai boygoni omoda menamoyad. Muassisai Boygonii bayniidoravii hujjathoi hayati shakhsi maqomoti ijroyai mahallii hokimiyati davlatii shahr (nohiya)-i Tojikiston meboshad.
Boygonii khazinai sohavi dar sokhtori vazoratho va idorahoi alohidai Tojikiston tasis yofta, tibqi qonunguzorii jori nigohdorii doimii davlatii hujjathoi alohidai khazinai Boygonii millii Jumhurii Tojikistonro sozmon medihad.
Soli 1998 Qonuni Jumhurii Tojikiston «Dar borai Khazinai boygonii milli va muassisahoi boygoni» qabul karda shud, ki sokhtor va vazifahoi sohai kori Boygoniro dar sharoiti hozira muayyan menamoyad. Kori Boygonii imruza dar Tojikiston sohai alohidai faoliyat buda, masalakhoi tashkili hujjatho dar korguzorii jori, batartibovari, nigohdori va istifodai hujjathoi Boygoniro dar bar megi¬rad. Sohai kori Boygoniro Saridorai boygonii nazdi Hukumati Jumhurii Tojikiston rohbari mekunad. Bakhshhoi Boygonii maqomoti ijroiyai mahallii hokimiyati davla¬tii VMKB, viloyathoi Sugd va Khatlon, shahru nohiyahoi Tojikiston siyosati davlatro oid ba sohai kori Boygoni amali gardonida, kori Boygoniro dar hududi muayyan idora mekunand.
Baroi Boygoniho dar Donishgohi millii Tojikiston, Donishgohi davlatii Khujand ba nomi Bobojon Gafurov, DDST ba nomi M. Tursunzoda mutakhassis tayyor mekunand. Holo dar Tojikiston 12 Boygonii davlati, 59 Boygonii bayniidoravii hujjathoi hayati shakhsi amal menamoyand. Hamchunin hujjathoi Khazinai Boygonii mil¬lii Jumhurii Tojikiston va yodgorhoi hujjati dar shubahoi dastkhathoi osorkhonaho, kitobkhonakho va pajuhishgohhoi Akademiyai ilmhoi Jumhurii Tojikiston va dar Boygonihoi khazinahoi sohavii yak kator vazoratho nigoh doshta mesha¬vand. Dar sokhtori maqomoti davlati, tashkilot, muassisaho, ittikhodiyahoi jamiyati va korkhonaho Boygonii idoravi tashkil karda shudaand. Ayni zamon dar Tojikiston Boygonii markazii davlatii Tojikiston, Boygonii markazii dav¬latii hujjathoi aksu sado va sinamoi Jumhurii Tojikiston, Boygonii davlatii VMKB, Boygonii davlatii viloyati Sugd, Boygonii davlatii viloyati Khatlon dar shahri Kurgonteppa, Boygonii davlatii viloyati Khatlon dar shahri Kulob, filialhoi Boygonii markazii davlatii Jumhurii Tojikiston dar shahri Vahdat, shahrakhoi Garm va Hisor, filial¬hoi Boygonii davlatii viloyati Sugd dar shahrhoi Istaravshan, Konibodom va Panjakent faoliyat menamoyand.
Boygonii markazii davlatii Jumhurii Tojikiston kalontarini Boygonii mamlakat meboshad. Dar khazinahoi in Boygonii davlati hujjathoi az solhoi 60 asri 19 to ruzhoi mo mahfuzand. Dar Boygoni hujjatho oid ba hamroh karda shudani mintaqakhoi shimoli garbi Tojikiston ba Russiya (az soli 1867), hujjathoi idorakunii davlati, sudu notari¬at, tashkilothoi harbi, politsiya, moliya va khojagii uezdhoi Khujand, Uroteppa (imruza Istravshan) va Isfarai maqomoti mustamlikavii general-gubernatorii Turkiston nigohdori meshavand. Dar in hujjatho siyosati berahmonai mustamlikavii hokimiyati mutlaqi podshohi, istismori sangdilona va zulmu sitami mehnatkashon az tarafi amaldoroni voli va mulkdoroni tahjoyi dida meshavad. Hujjatho oid ba tarikhi harakathoi khalqii solhoi 70 asri 19 ba muqobili javru zulm, shurishi khalqii soli 1916 dar Khujand malumot medihand. Dar nuskhahoi khurdi hujjathoi idoradorii qushbegii amiri Bukhoro dar borai vaziyati siyosi va iqtisodii amorat, zadukhurdhoi mardum bo amaldoroni amir, dar zaminhoi mulkdoroni kalon baroi ijroi korhoi sangini korkard va hosilgundori hamchun muzdur istismor namudani aholi va gayra malumotkho mavjudand.
Dar khazinakhoi Boygoni hujjathoi maqomoti oli va mahallii hokimiyati davlati va idorakunii davlati, sudu prokuraturakhoi Bukhoroi Sharqi, Jumhurii Mukhtori Shuravii Sotsialistii Tojikiston  va Jumhurii Shuravii Sotsialistii Tojikiston, mavodi anjumanhoi Shuroho, sessiyaho va Rayosati Kumitai ijroiyai Markazi, Shuroi Oli, Shuroi Vaziro¬ni Jumhurii Shuravii Sotsialistii Tojikiston, vazoratho, maqomoti loihakashi, Shuroi Olii khojagii khalqi Jumhurii Shuravii Sotsialistii Tojikiston, tashkilotho va ittiho¬diyahoi jamiyati, muassisahoi ilmiyu tahqiqoti, loihakashiyu konstruktori, ijtimoi, farhangi, varzishi, mak¬tabhoi oli va muassisahoi tandurusti, nashriyotu redaksiyaho, nerugohhoi barqi obi, korkhonahoi sanoati, sokhtmon, naqliyot, aloqa, sozmonhoi ittifoqhoi kasaba va ittihodiyahoi jamiyati, hujjathoi khodimoni namoyoni davlati va jamiyati, olimon, arbobi sanat va adabiyot, navovaron va peshqadamoni istehsolot, qahramononi Jangi Buzurgi Vatani gird ovarda shudaand. Az ruyi hujjathoi in khazinaho dar borai barpokunii hokimiyati Shuravi, muborizaho ba muqobili dushmanoni hokimiyati nav, barqarorkunii khojagihoi dar natijai jangi shahrvandi kharobgashta va halli masalahoi iqtisodiyu sokhtmoni madani dar solhoi av¬vali hokimiyati Shuravi malumot paydo karda meshavand. Dar hujjathoi Boygoni oid ba muborizakhoi shadid va purmashaqqati maqomoti oli va mahallii hokimiyati davlati dar borai az Jumhurii mukhtor ba Jumhurii Shuravii Sotsialisti tabdil dodani Tojikiston, dar borai ba vujud omadani manbahoi rushdi sanoat, sokhtmoni silsilai nerugohhoi barqi obi dar daryoi Varzob, tashkili istehsoloti kasbi-hunarmandi, sanoa¬ti mutaraqqii sabuk, khurokvori, masolehi binokori, taraqqiyoti naqliyot, telegraf, telefon, radio, sokhtmoni rohi ohani Tirmiz-Dushanbe, rohi ohani kambari Dushanbe-Jilikul-Kulob, sokhtmoni rohho, islohoti obu zamin, tashkil yoftani avvalin artelhoi khojagii qishloq, sokhtmoni nahrhoi obi, azkhud namudani zaminhoi vodii Vakhsh, mahvi besavodi, tashkili maktabho, tayyor namudani kadrho, inqilobi madani, rushdi varzish va gayra dar solhoi 20-40 asri 20 malumothoi gani mavjudand. Hujjathoi Boygoni dar borai ba maqsadkhoi galaba dar Jangi Buzurgi Vatani (1941-45) ravona namudani tamomi kori maqomoti davlati va tashkilotu khojagiho, yorii mehnatkashoni jumhuri ba jabha (front), mehnati fidokorona dar aqibgoh, qabul va joygirkunii gurezaho az mintaqakhoi nazdi maydoni jang, kornomahoi harbii dilovaroni Tojikiston malumot medihand.
Dar hujjathoi solhoi 50-80 asri 20 malumoti gani dar borai rushdi minbadai sanoati Tojikiston, sokhtmoni Nerugokhi barqi obii Norak, Kompleksi territoriyavi-istehsolii janubi Tojikiston, sokhtmoni silsilai obyorii Vakhshu Khojaboqirgon, bunyodi inshooti murakkabi irrigatsionii Boygozi, YOvonu Obikiik, azkhudkunii zaminhoi nav, inkishofi khojagii qishloq va digar sohahoi iqtisodiyot, paydoishi shahru shahrakhoi nav, baland bardoshtani nekuahvolii khalq, nashunamoi ilm, adabiyot, sanat, rushdi shabakai radio va televizion, dastovardho dar sohahoi maorif, tandurusti va varzish malumoti farovon paydo karda meshavand.
Dar Boygoni hujjathoi fondhoi shakhsi az hujjatho dar bo¬rai faoliyati khidmati va jamiyati, mavoddi mukofotoni va tasviri, dastnavisi asarho, korhoi ilmi, maqolaho va gayra iboratand. Dar filialhoi Boygonii davlatii marka¬zii Jumhurii Tojikiston dar shahri Vahdat, shahrakhoi Garm va Hisor hujjathoi maqomoti ijroiyai mahallii hokimiyati davlati, korkhonaho, muassisaho va tashkilothoi shahru nohiyahoi tobei markaz, ki malumotro az soli 1925 to imruz dar bar megirand, mahfuzand. Dar Boygonii markazii davlatii hujjathoi aksu sado va sinamoi Jumhurii Tojikiston filmhoi ziyodi khronikaviyu hujjati, kinojurnalho, surathoi hujjati (negativho va albomhoi mavzui, fotopozitivho, fonotekai badei va folklor) jam ovarda shudaand. Dar kinohujjatho sokhtmoni nerugohhoi barqi obi, korkhonai sement, korkhonai maslehi okhanu beton, Kombinati bofandagii matohoi pakhtagini Dushanbe, Kombinati abreshimi Khujand, inshooti obyori navorbardori shudaand. Filmhoi hujjati dar borai asosguzori adabiyoti shuravii tojik S. Ayni, A. Lohuti, M. Tursunzoda, rassom M. Olimov, hunarpeshagoni khalqii IJShS M. Qosimov, L. Zohidova, A. Burhonov, T. Fozilova, Artisti khalqii Jumhurii Shuravii Sotsialistii Tojikiston S. Tuyboeva, nakhustin raisi kolkhoz dar vodii Hisor M. Rizo, ki az tarafi bosmachiyon ba qatl rasonida shuda bud, Kahramoni Mehnati Sotsialisti S. Isoev, Qahramononi Ittihodi Shuravi T. Eryigitov, U. YOqubov, S. Amirshoev, hodisa¬hoi muhimmi hayoti siyosi, ijtimoi, khojagidori va farhangii khalqi tojik dar asri 20 naql mekunand.
Dar surathujjatho davrahoi muhimmi hayoti jamiyati-siyosi va madanii Tojikiston aksbardori shudaast. Surathujjathoi davrai toinqilobi tasvirotro dar bo¬rai istehsoli dastii zarfho, mato, ravgan, charm, sham va gayra, dar borai maktabhoi dinii musulmoni, korkardi zamin bo vositai omoch, sokhtmoni inshooti obyori dar Sirdaryo medihand.
Surathujjathoi davrai shuraviro metavon ba guruhhoe, ki onho marhalahoi asosii hayoti jumhuriro tasvir menamoyand, taqsim namud: muboriza baroi barqaror va mustahkam namudani hokimiyati Shuravi dar Tojikiston (az jumla muboriza bar ziddi harakati bosmachigari); tasisi JMShS Tojikiston va qadamhoi nakhustini on dar sokht¬moni hayoti nav; ishtiroki khalqi tojik dar JBV, chi dar jabha va chi dar aqibgoh va sahmi on dar galaba bar Olmoni fashisti; boloravii khojagii khalqi Jumhuri dar solhoi badijangi, sokhtmoni muassisahoi sanoati, markazhoi madani, peshrafti khojagii qishloq va gayra.
Tavajjuhi beshtarro surathujjathoe dorand, ki lahzahoi judogonai hayoti jumhuriro inikos menamoyand: jamomad ba munosibati tasisi IJShS Tojikiston (soli 1924); jamomadi tantanavii kolkhozchiyon dar mitingi botantana ba munosibati omadani traktori nakhustin ba Kurgonteppa (soli 1925); qatori nakhustin avtomobilho dar roh ba shahri Dushanbe (soli 1926); jamomadi byuroi tashkilii Ittifoqi «Qushchi» (Ittifoqi batrakho) dar shahri Dushanbe (soli 1926); azoi kumitai komsomoli «Vakhshstroy» (soli 1931); namoyandagoni khalqi tojik bo rohbarii Raisi Prezidiumi Shuroi Olii Tojikiston M. Shogadoev dar nazdi jangovaroni Jabhai Garbi (soli 1942).
Dar surathujjatho sokhtmoni nerugohhoi barqi obi, korkhonahoi sanoati, inshooti obyori aks gardidaand. Guruhi nisbatan kalonro dar bayni surathujjatho surat¬hoi arbobi namoyoni davlatiyu jamiyati, khodimoni ilmu farhang, peshqadamoni istehsolot, qahramonon va digar shakhsiyathoi khidmatnishondodai jumhuri tashkil medihand. Joyi makhsusro dar bayni onho rasmhoi khodimoni barjastai davlati A. Rahimboev, Sh. Shotemur, Ch. Imomov, Ya. Afzali, nakhustin Qahramoni Mehnati Sotsia¬listi S. Urunkhojaev va bisyor digar megirand.
Surathujjathoi solhoi 1991-2006 oid ba tagyiroti ijtimoi va iqtisodii dar Tojikiston bavuqupayvasta maqomi khossaro ishgol menamoyad. In surathujjatho khud guvoh az qadamhoi ustuvori millati tojik dar rohi sohibistiqloliyu bunyodi jomeai demokrati va huquqbunyod, bahri sohib shudan va etibori umumijahoni paydo kardani davlati mustaqil meboshand. Dar Boygoni hamchunin hujjathoi khronikavi nigahdori meshavand. Inho sabti majolis, jamomadhoi botantanai sanahoi muhim va tarikhi, sukhanroniho, sukhbathoi khodimoni namoyoni davlati, siyosi va jamiyati, namoyandagoni mashhuri ilm, maorif, tandurusti, adabiyot va sanat meboshand. Dar Boygoni navoru plastinkahoi musiqiyu opera, khor, vokalu asarhoi simfonii ohangsozoni tojik, musiqi va surudhoi khalqi niz mavjudand.
Dar Boygonii davlatii VMKB hujjathoi maqomoti ijroiyai mahallii hokimiyati davlati, muassisaho, tashkilotho va korkhonahoi shahru nohiyahoi viloyat az soli 1921 to imruz mahfuzand. Dar Boygonii viloyati Sugd va filial¬hoi on dar shahrhoi Istaravshan, Konibodom va Panjakent hujjathoi maqomoti ijroiyai mahallii hokimiyati davlati, muassisaho, tashkilotho va korkhonahoi shahru nohiyahoi viloyati Sugd az soli 1917 to imruz nigohdori meshavand. Dar Boygonii davlatii viloyati Khatlon dar shahri Kurgonteppa hujjathoi maqomoti ijroiyai mahallii hokimiyati davlati, muassisaho, tashkilotho, korkhonahoi shahru nohiyahoi mintaqai Kurgonteppai viloyati Khat¬lon az soli 1924 to imruz mahfuzand. Dar Boygonii davlatii viloyati Khatlon dar shahri Kulob hujjathoi maqomoti ijro¬iyai mahallii hokimiyati davlati, muassisaho, tashkilotho, korkhonahoi shahru nohiyahoi mintaqai Kulobi viloya¬ti Khatlon az soli 1925 to imruz mavjudand. Boygonii bayniidoravii hujjathoi hayati shakhsi qarib dar hamai shahru nohiyahoi Tojikiston tasis doda shudaand. Dar in Boygoniho hujjathoi hayati shakhsii tashkilotho, muassisaho va korkhonaho nigohdori meshavand. Ba tarkibi hujjathoi hayati shakhsi dokhil meshavand: farmonho dar borai ba kor qabul kardan va az kor ozod namudan, kitobhoi bahisobgirii muzdi maosh, parvandahoi shakhsii kormandon, hujjathoi hayati shakhsii maktabhoi tahsiloti kasbi (farmonho, suratmajlisho (protokolho)-i komissiyahoi imtihonhoi khatmkuni). Boygonii bayniidoravii hujjathoi hayati shakhsi bo darkhosti shahrvandon az ruyi in hujjatho ba onho dar borai sobiqai kor, muzdi maosh va tahsil dar maktabhoi tahsiloti kasbi malumotnomaho tayyor karda medihand.
Boygonihoi idoravi sokhtori maqomoti davlati, tashkilot, muassisa, korkhona buda, hujjathoi dar natijai faoli¬yati onho paydoshudaro nigoh medorand. Muvofiqi qarori Hukumati Jumhurii Tojikiston az 4 maii 2000, № 203 «Dar borai muhlathoi nihoii nigohdorii hujjatho dar boygonihoi idoravi va suporidani onho» muhlati nihoii nigohdorii hujjathoi Khazinai boygonii milli dar maqomoti olii hokimiyati davlati va idorakuni, korkhonaho, muassisaho va tashkilothoi tobei Jumhuri 15 sol, dar maqomoti ijroiyai mahallii hokimiyati dav¬latii viloyatho, korkhonavu muassisaho va tashkilothoi tobei viloyatho 10 sol, dar maqomoti ijroiyai mahallii hokimiyati davlatii viloyati, korkhonavu muassisaho va tashkilothoi tobei shahru nohiyaho 5 sol muqarrar gar¬didaast. Bo guzashti in muhdatho hujjathoi Boygoni tibqi qoidahoi muqarrargardida ba tartib darovarda, baroi nigohdorii doimi ba Boygonii davlatii dakhldor suporida meshavand.
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Sh. Nematova,  H. Akramov