Malumoti ohirin
Home / Gunogun / BOKhTARIHO

BOKhTARIHO

baktriysiBOKhTARIHO, sokinoni Bokhtar, yake az qadimtarin mardumoni Osiyoi Markazi dar hududi Bokhtari Qadim, ki mintaqai shimoli Afgoniston, qismathoi markazu janubii Tojikiston va janubi Uzbekistoni kununiro faro megirift, zindagi mekardand. Markazi asosiashon shahri Balkh buda, onho nakhustin davlati ahdi qadimi mahalli – davlati Kayo­niyon va tamadduni qadimii Bokhtaru Margushro bunyod guzoshtaand. Malumoti nakhustin oid ba Bokhtariho dar kitobi «Vandidod»-i Avesto zikr shuda, kishvari onho Bokhtar «bo di­rafshhoi afroshta» yod shudaast. Hamchunin dar «Zomied yasht» farri Kayoniro situdaand, ki in dalelest ba oyini davlatdorii Bokhtariho dar ahdi qadim. Ktesiy Bokhtarihoro khalqi sershumor, jasur va jangovar guftaast. Ammian Martsellin ba Ktesiy hamfikr shuda, onhoro mardumi jangovaru tavono nomidaast. Strabon va Kurtsiy hayoti vaznini Bokhtarihoro qayd karda, tarzi zindagii onhoro ba bodiyanishinoni hamsoya shabohat medihand. Ba aqidai Strabon onho tabiatan narmdil budand. Kurtsiy Bokhtarihoro mardumi sangdil va jangju ba qalam doda, zikr mekunad, ki metavonand darhol 30 hazor jangovari savoraro baroi hifzi khud gird ovarand. U saba­bi parkhoshjuii Bokhtarihoro dar hamsoyagi bo sakoihoi goratgar donistaast. Bokhtariho chun khalqhoi tahjoii shahru dehot ba kishtukor, parvarishi ziroatu bogdori, inchunin chorvodori mashgul budand. Qismi qabilahoi Bokhtariho tarzi zindagii bodiyanishini doshtand. Klavdiy Ptolemey chand qabilai Bokhtarihoro nom burda, zariaspihoro qabilai asosi shumoridaast. Shahri asosii Bokhtar niz Zariasp (Balkh) nom dosht. Muhaqqiqon simoi zohirii Bokhtarihoro az ruyi sarchashmahoi khatti va makhazho muayyan kardaand. Kurtsiy dar borai muhoribai Gavgamel malumot doda, skifho va Bokhtarihoro bo andomi dahshatnok, rishi guli, muyi daroz, qaddi baland va jussai tavono tasvir kardaast. Hamin guna aksi Bokhtariho dar naqshhoi ruyisangii Istakhr inikos yoftaast. Onho rishi guli, chakmani kutoh, miyonband, shalvori daroz, mukii soqkutoh doshtand, bazan ba kitfashon chakmani darozu vaznini beostin mepartoftand, ba gushhoyashon gushvoraho meovekhtand. Kulohi Bokhtariho dar osori Khizonai Omudaryo khele khub tasvir shudaast: on yak navi kallapushi namadiest, ki gushakho va qismi qafoyash daroz buda, to buni gardan merasid. Az jihati etniki Bokhtariho ba toifai mardumoni eroninajod mansub bu­dand. Strabon in aqidaro tasdiq namuda, meguyad, ki forsho, modho, Bokhtariho va Sugdiyon az jihati zabon miyoni yakdigar farqi ziyod nadorand. Olimoni avvali asri 20 zaboni Bokhtarihoro zaboni Avesto mepindoshtand. Badi tahqiqi yodgor­hoi khatgii ahdi Kushoniyon dar Surkhkutal va Rabotak olimon zaboni onhoro zaboni bokhtari menomidand, ki saromadi zaboni dari (tojiki) budaast. Osori in zabon badi ba Bokhtariho omadani takhoriyon takmil yofta, bo nomi zabo­ni takhori mamul gardid.

Adabiyot: Gafurov B., Sibukidis D. Aleksandr Makedonskiy i Vostok, Moskva, 1980; Fray R. Nasledie Irana. Moskva, 1972; Hamon. Nasledie Sent­ralnoy Azii. Dushanbe, 2000; Pyankov I. V. Baktriya v antichnoy tradi­sii. Dushanbe, 1982.

   I. V. Pyankov.

Инчунин кобед

SADUDDINI HAMMUI Muhammad ibni Juvayni

SADUDDINI HAMMUI Muhammad ibni Juvayni (soli tavallud nomalum — Vafot 1252), yake az namoyandagoni mashhuri …