BOFTAI BADEI

BOFTAI BADEI, yake az lahzahoi asosii ejodi asari badei ast, ki navisanda voqeiyatro ba nazar girifta, ruydodi navi badei mesozad. Navisanda dar Boftai badei komilan mustaqil nest va har chi khohad, ba ofaridahoyash az khud malumoti toza zam namenamoyad, balki in afzudanu ilovaho ba taqozoi mantiqii inkishofi ruhu ravoni qahramon, jarayonu ravishi voqea surat megirad. Ba qavli Arastu «shoir na dar borai hodisai haqiqatan rukhdoda, balki dar borai on chize, ki boyad rukh bidihad, yane, dar borai on chi nazar ba ehtimoliyat va yo zarurat ruy dodanash mumkin ast, andesha meronad» («Poetika». Moskva, 1957). Boftai badei hatto dar asarhoi sharhiholi, tarikhi, tarikhiyu inqilobi, ocherk va gayra niz zohir megardad, ki navisanda raftori judogona, azobi ruhi, guftugui qahramonhoro «az khud mebofad». L. Tolstoy gufta bud, ki be parvozi takhayyul asar navishtan mumkin nest. Ba qavli M. Gorkiy «hayotro ba mushohida giriftan, omukhtanu donistan kam ast, boz az khud boftan, ejod ham hatmist. Ejodiyot in ast, ki mayda-chuydahoi bisyorero ba yak vohidi kull, ki to darajae yaklukhtu umda buda, shaklu surati mukammal dorand, muttahid kardanu daromekhtan zarur ast… Badeiyat biduni boftan muyassar nameshavad, khudi mohiyati ravandi ejodiyoti adabi Boftai badei ast». («M. Gorkniy o literatu­re». Moskva,  1955). Yake az unsurhoi Boftai badei idrok, takhayyul, qobiliyati muoina, muqoisa, omuzishi hodisahoi tabiat va ruydodhoi hayoti jamiyat meboshad. Boftai badei dar sanat va adabiyot kori ejodist, ki dar rafti on navisanda hayotro ba tavri badei dark mekunad. Boftai badei baroi ofaridani timsoli «zinda» naqshi buzurg mebozad, zero naqli odii beragbatonai fakthoi voqei tanho «naqsh»-i bejoni voqeiyatro dida metavonad. Dar lirika ham Boftai badei ba nazar merasad va muallif andeshahoi nihoii khalqro hamchun dardhoi khudash ifoda mekunad. Masalan, dar «Tu ham yode bikun az man» nom sheri A. Dehoti na tanho andeshahoi shakhsii shoir, balki orzuyu umedi sadho sarbozi dur az yoru diyor ifoda gardidaast. Vobasta ba jahonbinivu donishi shoir dar borai zindagi va ruydodhoi on boftavu afzudahoyash hamon andoza ba haqiqati hayot nazdiki paydo mekunad. Qahramonhoi osori onho bazan chunin korhoero anjom medihand, ki khudi muallif chashmdor nabudaast. Chunin raftoru amaliyot az mantiqi zindagi va jarayoni voqea barmeoyad. Hej asari sanat va adabiyot dar hayoti voqei ba surati tayyor va dar ayni zamon berun az voqeiyatu haqiqati hayot vujud nadorad. Khirad, idrok va takhayyuli badeii Firdavsi Rustami Dastonro ofaridaast. Inchunin dar asosi andukhtahoi hayotii khud S. Ayni dar simoi Qori Ismat (dar povesti «Margi sudkhur») ba taqozoi goya va usulhoi badeiyu ruydodhoi davr muhimta­rin khislathoi badi sudkhuronu khasisoni digarro niz ba qahramon nisbat doda, nuskhai navi badeii hayotro ofaridaast, ki shakli jambastii zindagist.

Yu. Akobirzoda.