BOYaZIDI BASTOMI

BOYaZIDI BASTOMI, Abuyazid Tayfur ibni Iso ibni Odam ibni Surushon, laqabash «Sultonu-l-orifin» va «Burhonu-l-muhaqqiqin» (favt 857, Bastom), mutafakkiri maruf, asosguzori tayfuriya, az mashoikhi buzurgi sufiya, tabaqai avvali va az mashhurtarin orifoni fors-tojik dar asrhoi 8-9. Ajdodi peshini Boyazidi Bastomi payravi zardushtiya budand va dar davrai hayoti boboyash ahli khonadon dini islomro qabul kardand. Az Boyazidi Bastomi osori mukammale boqi namondaast. Dar borai hayot va faoliyati u naqlu rivoyathoi mukhtalife rasidaand. Az jumla, roje ba mehru muhabbati ziyod doshtani u va modarash nisbati hamdigar hikoyathoi ziyode mavjudand. Masalan: «Guft: On kor, ki bozpasini korho donistam, pesh az hama bud va on rizoi modar bud» va «guft: On chi dar jumlai mujohadot va riyozotu gurbat mejustam, dar on yoftam, ki shabe modar az man ob khost, raftam, to ob oram, dar kuzavu dar sabui ob nabud. Ba juy raftam va ob ovardam, modar khufta bud va shab sard bud, kuza dar dast medoshtam, chun az khob baromad, ogoh shud, ob khurd va maro duo kard va hamchunon kuza dar dasti man fasurda shuda bud. Guft: Charo az dast nanihodi? Guftam: Tarsidam, ki tu bedor shavi va man hozir nabosham» («Tazkiratu-l-avliyo»),

Andeshahoi bebokonai Boyazidi Bastomi, ki dar tarikhi afkori falsafi va ijtimoi-akhloqii tojikon bo nomi shathiyot malumand, tavassuti muridon, payravon va dustonash az dahon ba dahon guzashta, badtar dar tazkiravu kitobho sabt gardidaand.

Boyazidi Bastomi yake az asosguzoroni talimoti «fano va baqo» meboshad. Muvofiqi aqidai u, chun sufi az khususiyoti shakhsi, iroda, maylu ragbat, kayfu ishrat va zavqi dunyavi bari gardida, tamomi fikru zikr va khayolu diqqati khudro ba jonibi mahdud (Khudo) ravona kunad, saranjom tabiati ruhoni bar hayvoni, manavi bar moddi golib omada, solik guyo tabiati Khudoi paydo mekunad va dar bayni u va Khudo farqe namonda, har du ba ham yak meshavand. Harchand sukhanoni shathomezro qabl az Boyazidi Bastomi dar alfozi Robiai Adaviya, Ibrohimi Adham va digaron niz paydo kar­dan mumkin ast, ki dar holi sukr va goyati ishq bayon me­kardand, vale bo bovarii komil guftan mumkin, ki shathiyoti Boyazidi Bastomi shuri khos va khususiyati bebokonae dorand. Chun shathiyoti Boyazidi Bastomi dar havsalai ahdi zohiri shariati islom namegunjad, vayro ba kufru ilhod gunahkor karda, borho az shahrash, (Bastom), berun kardand. Shathiyoti Boyazidi Bastomi Dar «Tazkiratu-l-avliyo» ovarda shudaand. Masalan, Boyazidi Bastomi «Guft: (ba dustonash) agar holi khud az shumo pinhon doram, zaboni malomat daroz kuned va agar makshuf doram, shumo toqati on nayored. Bo shumo chi boyad kard? Pas, chun biraft va Madinaro ziyorat kard, dar khotirash biguzasht, ki ba khidmati modar ravad. Bo jame ruy ba Bastom nihod, khabar dar shahr aftod, ahdi Bastom to ba du roh ba istiqbol berun omadand… Chun nazdiki u rasidand, shaykh qurse non az dukon bigirift va Ramazon bud va khurdan girift. Chun on bididand, jumla az u gashtand. Shaykh ashobro guft: Dided, ki masalae az shariat kor bastam, hama khalq maro rad kardand». YO ki: «Yak bor azmi haj kard va manzile chand biraft va bozomad. Guftand: Tu hargiz azmi faskh nakardai, in vaqt chun aftod? Guft: Dar roh zangiero didam, tege kashida, maro guft: Agar bozgardi nek, vagarna sarat az tan judo kunam. Pas guft: «Khudoiro ba Bastom guzoshti va ruy ba Kaba ovardi». YO khud: «Marde peshi u omad. Bipursid, ki kujo meravi? Guft: Ba haj. Guft: Chi dori? Guft: Divist diram. Guft: Ba man deh, ki sohibayolam va haft bor girdi man bozgard, ki hajji tu in ast. Chunon kard va in mard bozgasht». Dar shathiyoti Boyazidi Bastomi sifat va khususiyathoi khudoi ba inson nisbat doda shudaand. Vay martabai khudro az martabai paygambar bolotar guzoshta, dar irfon va olami ruhii islom junbishi azime ba miyon ovard. Boyazidi Bastomi ba in vasila dar sharoiti asrimiyonagii feodali maqomi insomro ba­land bardoshtaast. Talimoti sufiyonai Boyazidi Bastomi ba tashakkuli afkori orifonai namoyandagoni badinai in maslak chun Majduddini Sanoi, Fariduddini Attor, Jaloluddini Rumi, Abdurrahmoni Jomi va digaron naqshi muayyane guzoshtaast.

A. Muhammadkhojaev.