Asari «Osor-ul-bilod va akhbor-ul-ibod»

«Osor-ul-bilod va akhbor-ul-ibod» asari tarikhiyu jugrofii muarrikhi fors- tojik Zakariyoi Qazvini, ki soli 1275 ba zaboni arabi talif shudaast. «Osor-ul-bilod va akhbor-ul-ibod» az sarsukhan, se muqaddimai nazari va haft bob iborat ast. Muqaddimai yakum az sababhoi ba vujud omadani jamiyati insoni, sokhti jamiyat, istehsolot va paydo shuda- ni shahrho, poytakhho, dehaho bahs mekunad. Muqaddimai duyum az du fasl iborat ast. Dar fasli yakum samtho va zamin az rui tabiatash ba garmseru sardser chudo shuda ast.

Fasli duyum az maodin, nabotot va hayvonot malumot medihad. Mu- allif kurai zaminro avval ba du — shimol va janub judo mekunad. Bad onro ba choryakkho — du choryaki shi­moli va du choryaki janubi taqsim menamoyad. Yake az choryakhoi qismi shimoliro makshufu obod nomida, on­ro ba khaft iqlim chudo kardaast; az rui arzu tul iqlimi yakumro kalontarin va iqlimi haftumro khurdtarin mehisobad. Tavsifi khar yak iqlimro bo sarsukhan ogoz namuda, bo tartibi alifbo ba tasviri baze mamlakatho, viloyatho, shahrho, jaziraho, qalaho va daryohoyu kuhhoi dokhilii iqlim meguzarad. Dar kitob dar borai Osiyoi Miyona niz baze malumothoi nodir mavjudand.

Inchunin materialhoi etnografi dar borai turkho, slavyanho, rusho, bulgorho, pechengho va farangho jolibi diqqatand. Dar asar dar borai mam­lakathoi Evropa niz malumot ovarda shudaast, ki dar asarhoi digar muallifoni peshina dida nameshavad. Dar «Osor-ul-bilod va akhbor-ul-ibod.» ziyoda az 923 nomi mavze va 970 nomi shakhsoni mashhur zikr yoftaast. «Osor-ul-bilod va akhbor-ul-ibod.» baroi muarrikhonu etnografho, faylasufonu. geografho va astronomho sarchashmai khube meboshad. Avval asri 15 takhriri navi «Osor-ul-bilod va akhbor-ul-ibod.»-ro bo baze ilovaho Abdurrashid Soleh ibni Nuri chop kunonidaast. «Osor-ul-bilod va akhbor-ul-ibod.» ba zaboni forsi va mukhtasaran ba turki tarjuma shudaasg. Nuskhahoi ziyod chopii «Osor-ul-bilod va akhbor-ul-ibod > dar ki- tobkhonahoi shahrhoi Moskva, Lenin­grad, Dushanbe, Toshkent mahfuzand.

Adabiyot: K r a ch k o v s k i y I. Yu., Izbran­nie proizvedeniya, tom 4, Moskva—Leningrad, 1957.