Malumoti ohirin
Home / Madaniyat va Sanat / Asari Namunai adabiyoti tojik

Asari Namunai adabiyoti tojik

«Namunai adabiyoti tojik»       avvalin         asari kaloni adabiyotshinosii Sadriddin Ayni, ki bayni 15 mart — 12 oktyabr 1925 navishta shuda, soli 1926 dar Moskva dar Nashriyoti markazii khalqhoi ITTIHODI ShURAVI ba tab rasidaast. On bo muqaddimai Abulqosim Lohuti bo nomi «Sadriddin Ay­ni» va «Sarsukhan»-i murattib — Sadriddin Ayni shuru shuda, aa 3 qism iborat ast. Qismi 1 solhoi 912/913 — 1785/86-ro dar bar megirad va dar on az Rudaki to Sayidoi Nasafi 80 adib bo tartibi khronologi dokhil shudaand. Qismi 2 solhoi 1785/86 — 1924/25-ro dar bar girifta, dar on namunai osori 132 adib faroham omadaast. Muallif namunahoi adabiero, ki to vakti talifi «Namunai adabiyoti tojik» ba raviyai ananahoi adabiyoti guzashta ejod shudaand, dar hamin qism joy dodaast. Tartibi in qism mu­vofiqi alifboi arabist. Dar qismi 3 asarhoe, ki mavzui nav doshta, pas az Revolyutsiyai 1905 va Revolyutsiyai Oktyabr ba maydon omadaand, dokhil shudaand. Sadriddin Ayny dar in qism az ejodiyoti 11 adib namunaho ovarda, dar borai yak qator gazetavu jurnalho niz malumot medihad. In qism boz ba du hissa: yakum — solhoi 1905—1917 va duyum — solhoi 1917—25 judo meshavad. Vobasta ba sababnoi obektivi va hududi  chugrofi dar «Namunai adabiyoti tojik» tanho adibone, ki dar Movarounvahr va Turkiston umr ba cap burdaand yo ki ba in joyho munosibate doshtaand, dokhil gardidaand.

Ba vujud omadani in asar ba on digargunihoi azime, ki dar solhoi 20 dar hayoti siyosi , ijtimoi va madanii khalqi tojik ruy dodaand, inchu­nin ba on muborizahoi shadide, ki dar in davra dar tamomi sohaho davom mekardand, sakht aloqamand ast. «Namunai adabiyoti tojik» dar masalahoi targibi siyosati millii Partiyai kommunisti, isboti az qadim dar hududi Osiyoi Miyona va Movarounnahr mavjud budani khalqi tojik, omuzishi merosi adabi, tashviqi javonon ba adabiyoti navi tojik roli buzurg bozid.

Dar sharoite, ki boqimondahoi jarayonhoi reaksioni pantur- kizmro «ideali yagona va buzurg»-i khud qaror doda, bo maqsadi dar Osi­yoi Miyona tashkil kardani «davlati yagonai buzurgi turk», ba vujud ovardani «millati yagonai ozodi turk» va jori kardani «zaboni yago­nai turki» bar ziddi siyosati mil­lii Partiyai kommunisti igvo me­kardand, dar vaziyate, ki panturkiston bar khilofi haqiqati tari- khi,— «dar Osiyoi Miyona tojik nom yak khalq nest, inho hamon uzbekonand, ki bo tasiri eroniyon va Mad­rasa zaboni khudro gum kardaand»,— guyon ba muqobili tashkili respublikai Tojikiston mebaromadand, Sadriddin Ayni bo navishtani «Namunai adabiyoti tojik» ba ha­ma munkironi khalqi tojik va zabonu madaniyati vay zarbai halokatovare rasond va ba «dahoni onho muhri khomushi zad».

Dar asosi fakthoi tarikhi va adabi Sadriddin Ayni ba tavrv ilmi sobit kard, ki tojikon yake aa qadimtarin khalqhoi Osiyoi Miyona buda, tarikh va madaniyati bostoni, zabonu adabiyoti boy, urfu odati ba khud khos dorand; dar tuli asrho bo khalqhoi hamsoya  aloka doshta va ba khalqhoi digar niz tasiri muayyane rasondaand va dar davrai soveti qobiliyati tashkilotiyu siyosii in khalq boz ham beshtar zohir gashtaast. «Namunai adabiyoti tojik» bo mundarijai boy, hal­li masalahoi muhimtarini zamon, dar tafakkur va jahonbinii sinfiyu siyosii Sadriddin Ayni tabadduloti jiddist. Sadriddin Ayni dar adabiyotshinosii tojik avvalin kasest, ki dar in asar tarikhi adabiyotro az mavqei marksizm tadqiq, namuda, ba amali gardonidani talimoti leninii omuzishi merosi adabi qadami jiddi guzoshtaast va az bahri bekanori adabiyoti guzashta tanho «unsurhoi demokrati»-i onro (Vladimir Ilich Lenin) ba khalq peshkash kardaast.

«Namunai adabiyoti tojik» zohirai ba tazkira shabohat doshta boshad ham, az rui metodologiyai tadqiq az on komilan farq mekunad. In asar bo ruhi partiyaviyati kommunisti navishta shuda­ast va «mundarijotash bo usuli marksizm tahlil yoftaast» (Sadriddin Ay­ni). Tamomi mazmunu goyai in asar ba yak samti asosi — marifatnok kardani ommai mehnatkash, tankidan omukhtani merosi adabi, bunyod kar­dan va inkishof dodani madaniyati sotsialistii tojik nigaronida shu­daast. Sadriddin Ayni bo ovardani namunahoi barjastai adabi ruhi progres- sivi, tamoyuloti khalqi, mazmuni aniqi ijtimoi, afkori falsafi, boigarii janru namud va sabku uslubhoi adabi, nafosati kalom va salosati bayon, sanatu badeiyati balandi adabiyoti guzashtaro nishon doda, onro yake az sarchashmahon adabiyoti inqilobii tojik donist. Az in jost, ki Sadriddin Ayni khamatarafa omukhtani merosi adabiro az vazifahoi takhirnopaziri oyandagon meshumorad.

Dar «Namunai adabiyoti tojik» se qismi adabiyotshinosi: nazariyai adabiyot, tarikhi adabiyot va tanqidi adabiro daryoft kardan mumkin ast. Sadriddin Ayni dar nimai avvali solhoi 20 yak qator masalahoi muhim, az jumla siyosati Par­tiyai Kommunisti oid ba adabiyot, kha­rakteri internatsionalii adabiyoti soveti, partiyaviyat, sinfiyat va khalqiyati adabiyot, ozodii ejodi badei, vaaifahoi adib dar zamoni sotsia­lizm va gayraro durust sharh dodaast, ki baroi rivoji minbadai adabiyotshinosii javoni tojik roli kaloi bozidaand. Mulojizajoi muallif oid ba omuzishi merosi adabi, roli adabiyot dar jamiyat, jahonbinii navisanda, yagonagii mazmun va shakl, anana va navovari, tanosubi voqeiyat va haqiqati badei, matnshinosi, zaboni asari badei, mahorati adabi, sabku uslub, khususiyathoi janru namudhoi adabi, sanathoi badei ahamiyati nazari va amali do­rand.

Sadriddin Ayny dar adabiyotshinosii to­jik nakhustin kasest, ki dar in asar problemai tasnifi davrahoi tari­khi adabiyotro muvofiqi «dasturi marksizm» (Sadriddin Ayny) ba miyon guzoshta, dar in soha ba mukhaqqiqoni oyanda roh kushod. «Namunai adabiyoti tojik» inchunin beasosii aqidai baze sharqshinosoni khorijiro, ki adabiyoti asrhoi 16—19 tojikro takrori adabiyoti asrhoi 10—15 menomidand, isbot namud. In asar dar solhoi 20—30 chun kitobi darsii tarikhi adabiyot dar rohi Inqilobi madani khizmati bosazoe kard, «Namunai adabiyoti tojik» bahoi balandi sharqshinosoni marufi soveti va khoriji, az chumla V. E. Bertels, Bobojon Fafurov, N. S. Braginskiy, Said Na- fisy, Irji Bechkaro khats^ony sazovor gashtaast.

Adabiyot.: Hodizoda R., Tadqiqoti ilmin Sadriddin Ayni oid ba tarikhi adabiyoti tojik, jurnali «Sharqi surkh», 1950, MS; hamon muall., Oid ba ahamiyati tarikhii «Namunai adabiyoti tojik», «Jashnnomai Ayni», juzi 2., D., 1966; Mirzozoda X., Sadriddin Ayni — avvalin adabiyotshinosi sovetii tojik, «Akhboroti shubai fanhoi jamiyati»-i AF RSS Tojikiston, Stalinobod, I960, M E (21).

Инчунин кобед

SATO

SATO, asbobi musiqii torist, ki bo kamoncha menavozand. Sato dar bayni tojikoi, uzbekho, eroniyon, afgonho …