YaKhDON

YaKhDON, 1) olati tekhnikist, baroi dar harorati past nigoh doshtani khurokvori va dig. mahsuloti audvayronshavanda. Ya. khojagi va sanoati meshavd.

Dar Ya.-hoi khonagi khunuki va yakhro bo tarzi suni hosil mekunand. Onho vobasta ba navi agregatikhunukkuni ba Ya.-hoi kompressioni, absorbsioni va termoelektri (dar asosi istifodai effekti khunukkunii tepmoelektri) judo meshavand.

Vobasta ba tainot va vaqti nigohdorii mahsulot chor kheli Ya.-hoi khonagi mavjudand: baroi mahsuloti yakhnakarda (kamerai pastharorat nadorad), kutohmuddat (chand shaboruz), miyonamuddat (to 2 hafta) va darozmuddat .(to 3 moh). gair az on, nisbat ba sokhtashon Ya.-joi sobit (rui farshi, devori va g.) va Ya.-joi sayyor (asosan Ya.-joi absorbsioni va termoelektri); muvofiqi shumorai kameraho Ya.-joi yak, du va sekamera az rui .Harorati dokhili kameraho Ya. Hoi to —6*S (kamera bo yak sitoracha ishora karda meshavad), to —12 S (bo du sitoracha) va to —18°S (bo se sitoracha) mavjudand. Dar Ya.-hoi mukammal yakhi burkunakro ba vositai olati avtomati yo nimavtomati ob karda az kamera dur mekunand. Ya.-joi absorbsioni dar navbati khud vobasta ba manban garmkuni elektri, gazi, karasiny va mushtarak meshavand. Ya.-joi absorbsionii karasiniro beshtar dar kishtiho va ba sifati apparati sayyor istifoda mebarand.

Nakhustin Ya.-i kompressloni s. 1910 dar ShMA va Ya.-i absorbsioni s. 1925 dar Shvesiya sokhta shudand. Istehsoli Ya.-i termoelektri dar nimai duyumi s-hoi 50 ba roh monda shud. Dar SSSR avvalin Ya.-i kompressioni s. 1939 (KhTZ-120), Ya.-i absorbsioni s. 1945 («Gaeoakhsharat») va Ya.-i termoelektri (namunahoi tajribavi) s. 1951 paydo shudand. Holo aksariyati Ya.-joi khonagi kompressioni meboshand. Istehsoli Ya.-hoi absorbsioni 5—10%-ro tashkil medihad.

Dar Tojikiston z-di istehsoli Ya.-hoi khonagi s. 1965 ba kor cap kard. Avvalin mahsuloti on Ya.-i kompressionii KSh-160 modeli «Pomir» (gunjoishi kameraash 160 dm3) bud, ki naqshai onro Byuroi konstruktoriyu tekhnologii makhsus oid ba moshinsozi, sh. Dushanbe kashidaast. Minbad zavod Ya.-hoi navi KSh-160 (modeli «Pomir-2», «Pomir-4», «Po-mir-7»)-ro istehsol namud. Ya.-i sanoati chun korkhonai mustaqil az ambori sardoni (platformahoi avtomobil va g. o. dorad), shubahoi moshini va kondensatorii dastgohi sardoni (olati baroi khunukkunii ob), rezervuarjo, st. nasos (baroi tamini ob), binoi mamuriyu maishi va g. iborat ast. Onjo vobasta ba vazifaashon istehsoloti, taqsimoti (baroi savdoi yaklukht, bandari, tijorati baroi shabakahoi savdo va khuroki umumi) meshavand; 2) sanduqi charmin, ki dar on asbobu anjom nigoh medorand.

Ya.-joi sanoati vobasta ba gunjoish va sharoiti maydoni sokhtmon yak yo bisyoroshyona meshavand. Odatan Ya.-joi sanoatie, ki gunjoishashon az 10 haz. t ziyod ast, bisyoroshyona meboshand.

V. Alodin.