YaDROI ATOM

YaDROI ATOM, qismi markazii atom, magzi atomro guyand, qaribo hamai massai atomro dar bar megirad. Andozahoi Ya. a. ~ 10—15 — Kg 14 m, yane nisbat ba andozai atom 10*—10e marotiba khurdtar ast. Ya. a. az protonho va neytronho (nuklonho) tarkib yoftaast. Midqori protonho zaryadi elektrii Ya. a. va raqami tartibi atom (2)-ro dar sistemai davrii elementho muayyan mekunand. Adadi neytronho ba fardi adadi massavi va miqdori protonho barobar ast. Protonhovu neytronhoi tarkibi yadroi atom bo yakdigar ba vositai quvvahoi yadroi aloqamandand. Hamai yadrohoro ba du guruh taqsim kardan mumkin act: ustu vor va noustuvor (yo radioaktiv). Yadrohoi ustuvor be tasiri beruna tagyir va kohish nameyoband. Yadrohoi radioaktiv khud az khud mekohand: onho (vobasta ba tarkib va holati energii khud) al-fazarro, betazarra yo gammakvant meafkanand yo pora meshavand (in khususiyat tanho khosi yadrohoi vaznin ast). Zichii moddai yadroi ~ 150. to m/sm3 ast.