ABUSIMBAL – Shahr dar sohili garbii daryoi Nil, ki dar on dar davrai hukmronii Ramzesi II (1388 – 1322 to milod) du ibodatkhonai mashhuri Misri Qadim taroshida shudaast. Ibodatkhonai kalon ba sharafi khudi shoh Ramzesi II, ibodatkhonai khurd ba sharafi zani yakumi u – malika Nofretari bino yoftaast.
Dar Abusimbal haykalho va musavvaraho mavjudand. Dar du tarafi daromadgohi ibodatkhonai kalon chor haykali buzurgi Ramzesi II dar holati nishasta dar sakhra (balandiashon taqriban 20 metr) taroshida shudaast. Dar in mabad inchunin si- moi khudovandii shoh Ramzesi II dar holati tazimkuni ba khud pusht ba devor tasvir yoftaast, ki dar ihotai shohoni digar bohashamtar menamoyad.
Dar peshi mabadi khurd 6 haykali bo usuli gorelyef taroshida istodaand, ki dar har tarafi onho du simoi shoh va yak simoi malika tasvir yoftaand. Dar andomi haykali duyum (dar qismi janubii mabad) navishtachote mavjud ast. Onro jangovaroni zarkharidi ioni, ki dar davrai hukmronii Psammetikhi I (664 – 610 to milod) vaqti aqibnishi az Elefantina ba Efiopiya kandakori kardaand. Dar navishtajoti ieroglifi in sakhrai regii balandiash 100metr «kuhi muqaddas» nomida shudaast. Az sababi on ki dar in sakhra inshooti istehkomi sokhta shudaand, onro dar ieroglifho «kalai Ramzes» nomidaand.
DAR KhARITA
Nomi hozirai Abusimbal az nomi sakhrae girifta shudaast, ki dar on jo daryo majroyashro digar mekunad. Dar in sakhra naqshi barjasta (barelyefi)-i mardi misrii peshdomanash nugtez kandakori shudaast, ki ba nazari mallokhoni arab ba khusha monand menamudaast. Binobar in on tasvirro Abusimbal nomidaand. Badtar tamomi sakhraho va mabadhoi dar onho binoyofta Abusimbal nom giriftaand. Dar natijai sokhtmoni dargoti Asvon havfi zeri ob mondani Abusimbal pesh omad. Az in sa- bab Abusimbal solhoi 1963 – 67 ba joyi bekhavf kuchonda shud. Holo on 65 metr balandtar va 200 metr durtar az daryo, 280 kilometr janubtari Asvon joygir ast.
N. Sharipov.