ABUSAIDI ABULKhAYR

ABUSAIDI ABULKhAYR Fazlulloh ibni Abulkhayri Mahnai (967, Mahnai Khuroson – 1049, hamon jo), mutafakkir va yake az shaykhoni bo­nufuzi tasavvuf. Nazdi padarash, ki sohibmalumot budaast, khatu savod barovarda dar madrasahoi Kheva tahsilro idoma dodaast. Abusaidi Abulkhayr az mutasavvifoni payravi maktabi sukr budaast va dar rivoju ravnaqi tasavvufi Khuroson khizmati arzishmand anjom dodaast. Dar tashakkuli talimoti rukhonii Abusaidi Abulkhayr dar barobari digar shaykhoni zamonash naqshi murshidoni hamondavrai Khuroson shaykh Abulfazli Sarakhsi, Ablqosim Bashri YOsin va Abulabbosi Qassob khele buzurg ast.

U goliban ba aqidahoi akhloqii tasavvuf tavajjuh namuda in raviyai tasavvufro beshtar rivoj do­daast. Asari asosii Abusaidi Abulkhayr «Asror – ut- tavhid fi maqomot- ish- shaykh Abusa- id» meboshad, ki naberaash Nuriddin Muhammad ibni Munavvar tartib dodaast va on yagona manbai omuzishi osor va afkori u meboshad. Ba andeshai Abusaidi Abulkhayr kamoli manavii inson ba vositai dast kashidan az khudbini va tahammul az khurofotparasti muyassar meshavad. Khudparasti va khudbini saddu hijobi asosi dar rohi marifati haqihi meboshand. Abusaidi Abulkhayr gufta- ast: «Hijob zaminu osmom nest, arshu kursi nest, pindosht va «many»-i tu hijob ast.

Chun az miyon bargiri, ba khudovand rasidi». Ba aqidai u yak mohiyati haqiqi (Khudo) vujud dorad. Maqsadi asosii inson ba tavassuti kasbi kamol ba asli khud rasidan ast. Khudshinosii orif baroi kamo­li manavi sabab megardad va inson mabda va mohiyati khudro dark kar­da, baroi ba asli khesh rasidan kushish menamoyad. Dar in rokh dinu mazhabho va kufru imon naqshi muhim nadorand, zero yagonagii haqiqati azaliro bo mazhabhoi mukhtalif nametavon ba dast ovard. Tanho az «khud» berun shudan, yane kamoli akhloqi hosil kardan ba sarmanzili maqsad khohad burd:

Dar rohi yagonagi na kufr astu na din,

Yak gom zi khud burun nehu roh bubin.

Abusaidi Abulkhayr  chandin marhalahoi sulukro baroi orifon zikr kardaast. Vale in marhalaho dar «Asror-ul-tavhid…» paydarhamu munazzam nameboshand. Bino ba malumoti manbavu mahazhoi adabi u shakhsi donishmandi sohai adab va dar jodai sheru shoiri tavono budaast. Dar rivoju ravnaqi janri adabii ruboi khidmati beshoiba kardaast. U dar ruboiyoti khud dar barobari fikru andeshahoi falsafi – tasavvufi, dusti, sidku vafo, vasfi ishqi pok, nekiyu nakukori, pokvijdoni, akhloqi hamida, adlu insof, ilmanduzi va digar khislathoi khubi insoniro vasfu targib namuda, ayonu ashrofi mardumozoru beinsofro mazammat kardaast.

Ashori Abusaidi Abulkhayr sodavu salis buda, ba ejodiyoti shifohii khalq khele nazdik ast. Abusaidi Abulkhayr bo Ibni Sino mukotiba doshtaast. Afkoru andeshahoi Abusaidi Abulkhayr ba osori mutafak- kiron Abdulmajdi Sanoi, Fariduddini Attor, Jaloliddini Rumi tasiri buzurg guzoshtaast va onho uro ba neki yod kardaand.

Adabiyot: Muhammad Munavvar. Asror ut-tavhid fi maqolot»-ish-shaykh Abusand, T., 1953; Muhammadkhojaev A. Mirovozzrenie Farididdina Attora. Dushanbe, 1974; K. Olimov. Kharasanskiy sufizm, Dushanbe, 1993. K. Olimov. Barrasiho dar tasavvuf, Dushanbe, 1998; O l i m o v K. Abusand Abulkhayr va maqomi u dar afkori ijtimoi va irfonii khalqi tojik. Majmui Akhbori Akademiyai Ilmhoi Jumhurii Tojikiston, Shubai ilmhoi jamiyatshinosi. 2008, №1.

K. Olimov, A. Muhammadkhojaev.