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ABULFATHI SIJZI

ABULFATHI SIJZI ibni Ahmad (taqriban 954 – 1024), shohmotboz, faylasuf. munajjim va riyozidon. Muallifi «Kitobi shatranj». Nuskhai qadimii in asar (beshtar az 300 sahifa) soli 1313 hijri dar Bukhoro runavis shudaast, ki on holo dar Ganjinai dastnavishoi sharqii Instituti sharqshinosii Akademiyai Ilmhoi Jumhurii Uzbekiston mahfuz ast.

Abulfathi Sijzi dar avvali kitob aqidahoi falsafiyu ijtimoii khudro bayon namuda, dar khususi fazilathoe, ki shatranj dar asosi onho bino yoftaast, hikmathoe, ki dar in bozii zebo nihon ast, dar borai odobi bozi va gayra mukhtasar ma­lumot medihad. Abulfathi Sijzi  insonro purqimattarini mavjudoti olam donista, omukhtani bozii shatranjro vositai ravshan kardani fikru zehn va taqviyati aqlu donishi on meshumorad. Dar khususi tarikhi paydoishi shatranj sukhan ronda, ustodon va muqaddimoni in sanatro nom megirad.

U dar asosi makhazhoi qadimi ba chunin khulosa meoyad, ki shatranj az ikhtiroi hinduyon nabuda, balki onro dar asri 6 ba Hinduston az Eron burda, tagyir medihand va dar on jo shatranji hindi ba vujud meoyad, ki bo shashkhol bozi karda meshudaast.  Abulfathi Sijzi  dar borai shohmotbozoni zamoni khud va oliyahoi (grossemeysterhoi) peshin, navhoi bozii shatranj, az chumla bozi rafti bozi aloqamandand, bozi bo hisobi matematiki, dar khususi qimati (quvvati nisbii) har muhra dar rui nat (takhtai shohmot) malu­mot medihad. Dar asar 10 tabiya (de­byut), beshtar az 250 mansuba (etyud, masala) va bisyor namunahoi navodiri shatranj ovarda shudaand, ki onho dar 308 diagramma aks yoftaand.

Dar mavzui shohmot 96 ruboi, 3 qasida va baythoi bisyor, az jumla 179 bayti Abusuhayl Muhammad ibni Alii Badoe gird ovarda shu­daast. In asari .  Abulfathi Sijzi   dar Osiyoi Miyona chun qomusi shohmot dar tuli asrho khizmat kardaast. Qimati in asar dar on ast, ki beshtari malumotash dar mahazhoi qadimii arabi (Suli, Ibni Nadim) dida nameshavand va dar asosi akhbori muallifoni Khuroson va Movarounnahr tahrir yofta, chigunagii bozii mardumoni in nokhiyaro ravshan mekunad. Chunonchi, dar khususi Aburayhoni Beruni, ki az hamasroni ust, guftaast: «Khoja Hakim Aburayhon, ki dar islom Hakime chun u nabudaast, on chi u dar arsai shatranj sokhta, ba jumlai mardumon ovardaast, nekutar va ajibtar az on hama, ki pesh az vay budaand va qissaest, ki in az jumlai tilismot ast». .

Abulfathi Sijzi   az sharhi holi khud khabar doda, meguyad: «Man, ki Abulfathi Sijziam, dar shatranj dasti tamom doshtam va az on vaqt, ki 15-sola budam, to kunun dar muddati 50 sol dar Khuroson, Iroq, Gaznin va Hinduston bigashtam va hej kas nadidam, ki dar in sanat beh az man donist yo bo man barobari tavonist». Malum megardad, ki.  Abulfathi Sijzi  dar shohmotbozi az zabardastoni zamoni khud budaast. I. Rahmatov.

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