Leninobod

LENINOBOD – in shahr va markazi mamurii viloyati Leninobodi RSS Tojikiston bud. Nomi Leninobodro solhoi 1936 – 1991 ba khud kasb kardaast. Badi sohib shudani mustaqilii Jumhurii Tojikiston, shahri Leninobod ba nomi tarikhii kuhani khud yane ba shahri Khujand bargardonida shud.

Leninobod dar daromadgohi vodii Fargona voqe meboshad. Az bayni shahr daryoi Sir jorist. Az markaz to stantiyai rohi ohani Leninobod 11 kilometr va to shahri Dushanbe 341 km. Leninobod ba vositai rohhoi moshingard, rohi ohan va havoi bo digar shahrhoi mamlakat payvast ast. Masohati umumii Leninobod 0,2 hazor kilometri murabba meboshad. Aholiii shahri Leninobod 180 hazor nafar dar soli 2017 va 31 hazor nafar dar soli 1900 – um buda iborat az tojikon, inchunin uzbekho, rusho va namoyandagoni millathoi digar.

Iqlimi Leninobod kontinenti buda, tobistonash garm va zimistonash khunuk. Harorati miyonai yanvar -0,9° S, iyul 28° S. Miqdori borishoti solona 159 mm.

Iqtisodiyot: Leninobod dar solhoi Hokimiyati Soveti ba yake az markazhoi kaloni iqtisodi va madanii Tojikiston tabdil yofta bud. Sohahoi asosii sanoat: bofandagi, korkardi metall, binokori, duzandagi, khurokvori. Soli 1980-1990 dar Leninobod ziyoda az 25 korkhonai sanoati mavjud bud. Kombinati shohibofii Leninobod yake az kalontarin korkhonahoi sanoatii SSSR buda, 80% shohii Tojikiston (ziyoda az 45 nav va 500 nomgui mato)-ro istehsol mekard.

Soli 1981 kombinati konservi shahr 53 mln. quttii konserv barovard, ki in miqdor bo tamomi konservi korkhonahoi Rossiya (1913) barobar bud. Dar shahr kombinathoi shir, ravgan, masolehi binokori, zavodhoi tukhmi kirmak, shisha, «Torgmash» (zarfhoi kahvapazi, termostatho va gayra), istehsoli zarfhoi sirdor, «Gazapparat», tamiri avtomobil, istehsoli masnuoti ohanu betoni, non, matbaa, fabrikahoi mebelsozi, poyafzolduzi va gayra niz hastand. Mahsuloti sanoati shahr ba Bulgoriya, RKhM, Kuba, Ruminiya, Vengriya, Muguliston, Afgoniston, Aljazoir, Efiopiya, Hinduston, Gvineya, Somali va g. firistoda meshavad.

Maorif: Soli tahsili 1981/82 dar shahr 22 maktabi miyona, 3 maktabi 8-sola, 3 tekhnikum, 3 omuzishgoh (musiqi, pedagogi, tibbi), 6 omuzishgohi kasbhoi tekhniki budand, ki 25 hazor nafar khonanda va 4723 nafar donishju tahsil mekardand. Yake az avvalin donishkadaho — Instituti davlatii pedagogii ba nomn S. M. Kirov, Instituti takmili ikhtisosi muallimon, Filiali Instituti politekhnikii Tojikiston, shubai IN Tojikiston mavjudand.

Farhang va tashkilotho:  Leninobod qasri madaniyat, teatri mazhakai musiqii ba nomi A. S. Pushkin, teatri khalqi, 8 klub, 24 kinoteatr va dastgohi kino, 16 kitobkhona, bogi botanikii AF RSS Tojikiston khonayu bogi pioneron, st. tekhnikho va tabiatshinosoni javon, muzey kishvarshinosi, 14 muassisai tabobati, 6 dorukhona, 25 punkti tibbi dorad. Dar Leninobod kombinati khizmati maishi, 4 mehmonkhona, 203 nuqtai savdo, khuroki umumi va g. kor mekardand.

Tarikh: Leninobod yake az shahrhoi qadimtarini Osiyoi Miyona buda, dar hazorai 1 to melod ba vujud omada, soli 329 to melod onro Iskandari Maqduni ishgol kard. (Nig. Iskandariyai Aqso). Dar natijai hafriyoti arkheologi dar Leninobod osori madaniyati asrhoi 6-4 to melod yoft shud. Muvofiqi makhazhoi tarikhi shahr dar nimai duyumi asri 7 bo nomi Khujand mashhur bud. Dar asri 7 ba khilofati arab, asri 13 ba mugulho, nimai duyumi asri 14 va asri 15 ba Temuriyon va asri 16 ba Shayboniyon, bad ba khonhoi Quqand tobe bud. Shahrro borho istilogaroni ajnabi kharob namudand. Sokinoni shahr bar ziddi goratgaron kahramonona jangidand.

Dar asri 13 bo sardorii qahramoni khalqi tojik Temurmalik ba lashkari Chingiz muqobiliyati sakht nishon doda shud. Shahr chun markazi savdo, hunarmandi mashhur bud. «Rohi buzurgi abreshim» ba Osiyoi Miyona, Hinduston, Eron, Sharqi Nazdik, Khitoy va havzai bahri Miyonazamin az in jo meguzasht.

Videoi sh Leninobod

24 may 1866 ba shahr askaroni podshohi Rossiya daromadand va on ba hayati Rossiya dokhil shud. In voqea ahamiyati progressivi niz dosht. Minbad ba Khujand inqilobiyon va ravshanfikroni rus omadand, ki onho dar inkishofi shuuri sinfi va khudogohii mahalli tasir guzoshtand. 4 iyuli 1916 mardumi Khujand ba muqobili siyosati mustamlikadorii Rossiyai podshohi va feodalhoi mahalli shurish bardoshtand, ki on dar tamomi Osiyoi Miyona pahn gasht. Dar jarayoni muborizahoi sinfi inqilobchiyoni mashhur ba maydon omadand. 24 noyabri 1917 Hokimiyati Soveti dar Khujand galaba kard.

Dertar shahr avval ba hayati RSS Uzbekiston va az 2 oktyabri soli 1929 ba RSS Tojikiston hamroh shud. Soli 1936 bo talabi mehnatkashon shahr Leninobod nom girift. Leninobod zodgohi yak zumra shakhsoni buzurgi tarikhist.

Buzurgon: Olimon -munajjim va riyozidon Abumahmudi Khujandi (a. 10), jugrofiyashinos va Sayyoh Hoji Yusuf Mirfayozov (1842-1925), shoiron Mahastii Khujandi (a. 12), Kamoli Khujandi (a. 14), Muhammadaminkhojai Koshif (1825-87), Toshkhujai Asiri (1864-1916), Abdulloi Fayyoz (1847-1934) va digaron arboboni ilmu madaniyat in jo kasbi kamol kardaand.

Dar davrai soveti chand nasli khodimoni partiyaviyu davlati, olimon, navisandagon va sanatkoron, qahramononi mehnat ba voya rasidaand.

Maqbarai shaykh Muslihiddin (a. 14) va boqimondai qalai shahr — Urda (asrhoi 7—8) az yodgorihoi tarikhi va memori meboshand. Dar sohili rosti daryoi Sir haykali V. I. Lenin qomat afrokhta bud vale dar solhoi istiqloliyat ba joyi on mujassamai Ismoili Somoni guzoshta shud. Dar Leninobod inchunin haykali yodgorii jangovaroni leninobodi, ki dar Jangi Buzurgi Vatani shahid shudaand va haykali yodgorii muborizoni barpo pamudani Hokimiyati Soveti dar Khujand mavjud meboshand.

Leninobod dar kharita

Adabiyothoi istifodashuda.: Fyodorova T. Ya., Shahrhoi Tojikiston, d., 1971; Haydarov G. X., Kratkiy ocherk istorii Leninabada, D., 1965.  H. Ochilov.