Mazhaka

MAZHAKA, muzhika (arabi—mazoh, mazoq, hazl, shukhi, mutoiba), yak navi jinsi drama.  Ba zaboni russi mazhakaro «Shutka, Zabava yo khud Komediya» menomand.  Mazhaka guyo ba hodisahoi tasodufi asos yofta, ikhtilofho bo yorii nizohoi syujet oshkor megardand. Khulqu atvori personajhoi Mazhaka ba misli fojia va drama inkishof va tagiir namyoband. Mohiyati personaji mazhakvi niz dar hamin ast. Mazhakaviyati obrazhoi Mazhaka dar nomuvofiqii davoi personajho bo vaziyati voqei zuhur mekunad; personaj zohiran davoi buzurgi dorad, vale asli raftoru kirdorash puchu bemanist. Hamin tazodi buzurgii zohiriyu nochizii maqsadho khandaovar buda, mohiyati ijtimoii Mazhakaro muayyan menamoyad. Zimni raftoru kirdori shukhiomezi qahramononi Mazhaka hodisahoi kuhna va manfii hayoti ijtimoi maskhara meshavand.

Azbaski dar Mazhakakai inkishofi kharakterho, balki khulqu odob chizi asos nest, pas boyad lahzaho khele namoyon va barjasta boshand. Dar in shakli Mazhaka tasvirhon muboligaviyu maroqomez roli kalon mebozand. Muboliga, asosan, dar ikhtilofhoi khandaovari bayni qahramonon ba darajai baland merasad. Odatan personaji Mazhaka ba nomurodihoi ziyode duchor oyad ham, ruhaftoda nameshavad. Tamoshobin ham nisbat ba vay hamdardi nakhohad kard, Mazhaka mamulan anjomi gamangez nadorad. Ba Mazhaka, hamchun, navi adabi, Aristofan asos guzoshtaast. Dar Mazhakai Yunoni Qadim surud va raqshoi karnavali mavqei namoyon doshtand. Mazhaka dar mamlakathoi Avrupo to zamoni pai sayri tarikhii duru darozoro az cap guzaronid. Farqi Mazhaka az digar navhoi drama on ast, ki hamesha bo zamona sakht aloqamand buda, akhloq va zavqi davraro khub inikos menamoyad.

Dar adabiyoti klassikii rus Mazhaka beshtar tobishhoi hajvii ijtimoi girifta, bo hayoti khalq aloqai mustahkam dosht. Dar adabiyoti soveti Mazhaka maylhi hazlu shukhi paydo kard. On makhsusan pas az Jangi Buzurgi Vatani dar adabiyoti sovetii tojik rivoj yoft. Qarib hamai navisandagoni tojik Mazhaka navishtaand. «Juyandagon» va «Gavhari shabcharog»-i S. Ulugzoda, «Sitora» («Man — Fakhriddnnov»)-i J. Ikromi, «Intikhobi domod»-i Sodiq, «Mujda»-i A. Bahori va g. Namunai on Mazhaka meboshand. Baroi inkishofi Mazhaka dar sahnai teatri tojik roli tarjuma va namoishi behtarin namunahoi mazhakai jahon kalon ast.

Ad.: Aristotel, Poetika, M., 1957; Istoriya estetiki. Pamyatniki mirovoy esteticheskoy misli, t. 2, M., 1964. X. Sharifov.